An index of ‘deforestation pressure’ is suggested as useful for reserve planning alongside the currently used information on the species present at candidate sites. For any location, the index value is correlated with threats to habitat and thus also survival probabilities over time for members of species dependent on that habitat. Threats in the absence of reserves are key information for plan...

Public policies may affect employment by directly creating jobs, facilitating job creation, or augmenting labor supply. In labor markets with high unemployment, such employment changes may have significant net efficiency benefits, which should be included in benefit-cost analyses. The research literature offers diverse recommendations on measuring employment benefits. Many of the recommendation...

This paper considers a dynamic common agency model of natural resource harvest quota regulation in which both conservationists and harvesters vie to influence the regulator’s quota allocations as well as the choice of regulator. Conservationists tend to benefit from the adoption of regulation since the regulator will reduce the aggregate harvest quota relative to the unregulated equilibrium. Ha...

This paper analyses the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of forest owners for insurance against natural hazards such as fire. The objective is to identify the determinants of forest owner’s participation to insurance and insurance demand. In particular, we are interested in the impact of different types of public compensation: fixed help, contingent fixed help and insurance subsidy. We also analyse the...

We examine three noncooperative “global warming games” where carbon dioxide emissions and transfers are determined. An international agency implements transfers from rich to poor nations. In each game, the transfer mechanism obeys a predetermined equity principle – horizontal, proportional or “green GNP.” Participation in each transfer scheme is voluntary. We find that implementable horizontal ...

We describe a de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation, 46,X,t(X;16)(q28;qll.2), in a 13 year old girl with median cleft of the upper lip, pedunculated skin masses on the nasal septum, short stature, and mental retardation. Pai syndrome is characterised by median cleft of the upper lip, pedunculated skin mass(es) on the face, and midline lipoma(s) of the central nervous system. The ...

Regulation of ørm behavior when ownership and management are separated is explored. It is shown that downward pressures on the level of a regulated activity emerge due to; risk asymmetry between owner and manager, legal liability, and limited contracting. Obversely, several models of regulator behavior and their implications for regulatory eœectiveness are considered. Using data on all EPA fede...

Empirical tests of the relationship between international competitiveness and the severity of environmental regulations are hampered by the lack of pollution abatement cost data for nonU.S. countries. The theory of the firm suggests that environmental stringency can be measured by the difference between a polluting input’s shadow price and its market price. We make a first attempt at quantifyin...

Because of the uncertainties and irreversibilities that are often inherent in environmental degradation, its prevention, and its economic consequences, environmental policy design can involve important problems of timing. I use a simple two-period model to illustrate these optimal timing problems and their implications for environmental policy. I then lay out and solve a continuous-time model o...