november arrives and as each year the iranian congress of ophthalmology organized by the iranian society of ophthalmology, a national and very popular re::::union:::: of the iranian ophthalmologists and some colleagues from the surrounding countries. this year a new congress center (aboreyhan international conference center, shahid beheshti university) at north of tehran has been chosen for thi...

scientific educational-research festivals are regularly designed programmes in which one or more educational or research areas are discussed. every festival is usually focused on a specific academic domain, and relevant activities in one specific time period (e.g. one year) are investigated. these festivals provide an appropriate situation for the scientific competition among educational and re...

concerning the article on ”cataract surgery in albucasis manuscript” pages 75-76 which is published in this issue of iranian journal of ophthalmology (irjo) a few points took my attention worth mentioning.     the science of ophthalmology and cataract surgery was developed 6,000 years ago, not in egypt but at mesopotamian region. the babylonians mastered this science 2,000 years before the glor...

The authors present the methodological background to and underlying research design of an ongoing research project on the scientific evaluation of serious games and/or computer-based simulation games (SGs) for advanced learning. The main research questions are: (1) what are the requirements and design principles for a comprehensive social scientific methodology for the evaluation of SGs?; (2) t...

Disdain for compromise between political forces within democratic regimes is widespread11 As notably suggested by Fumurescu (2013, p.1), Manin (1997, pp. 217–218), and Rintala (1969, p. 327). and, as we will show, polymorphic. This paper provides a systematic mapping of objections22 We refer here to Walton's (2009) broad definition, according which an “objection does not necessarily have be cou...

Technological innovation is transforming media markets, facilitating competition, multiplatform distribution of content, and time and media shifting. As such, media are increasingly unable to rely on the basic value of content to attract audiences or extract value [premiums. In effect, these changes are creating three highly valued sources of added value: choice (having a wider range of content...

extended abstract 1. introduction abbasid period can be regarded as an epoch in which poetry and eulogy in persia reached maturity, i.e., in which poetry has become a means of praise and admiration (dayf, 2006, p. 565). the kings of this dynasty gathered a group of flattered eulogists and used them for political announcements (alebadi, 2006, p. 13), by allocating precious gifts of war booty to ...