Solar radiation data are available for many locations on an hourly basis. Simulation studies of solar energy systems have generally used these hourly values to estimate longterm annual performance, although solar radiation can exhibit wide variations during an hour. Variations in solar radiation during an hour, such as on a minute basis, could result in inaccurate performance estimates for some...

BACKGROUND Numerous researchers have posited that there should be a strong negative relationship between the evolutionary distance among species and their ecological similarity. Alternative evidence suggests that members of adaptive radiations should display no relationship between divergence time and ecological similarity because rapid evolution results in near-simultaneous speciation early in...

various stresses during life can affect metabolism and brain activities, immune and endocrine systems directly and indirectly, and ultimately, causes animal behavior change. the cellular and molecular level change in neurotransmitter and hormone concentrations led to the functional changes of operating systems in the intracellular organelles.  these events cause of course oxidative stress. all ...

We propose that sonoluminescence occurs due to the cooperative interaction of the matter in the bubble with a radiation field. We illustrate how the collective spontaneous emission of population inverted atomic or molecular states can lead to a time scale of the light pulse which is consistent with that observed in experiments. Pumping by an ultrasound source provides the necessary condition fo...