The Institute ofCancer Research receives financial support from the Cancer Research Campaign and the Medical Research Council. PJH is supported by the Cancer Research Campaign. We thank Felicity Fleetwood for typing the manuscript. 1 Hanks GW, Hoskin PJ. Opioid analgesics in the management of pain in patients with cancer. A review. Palliative Medicine 1987;1: 1-25. 2 Duthie JR, Nimmo WS. Advers...

For a graph G, its k-rainbow independent domination number, written as γrik(G), is defined the cardinality of minimum set consisting k vertex-disjoint sets V1,V2,…,Vk such that every vertex in V0=V(G)\(∪i=1kVi) has neighbor Vi for all i∈{1,2,…,k}. This invariant was proposed by Kraner Šumenjak, Rall and Tepeh (in Applied Mathematics Computation 333(15), 2018: 353–361), which aims to compute num...

Sixty years ago, Sutherland and Rall identified cAMP as the first second messenger involved in cell–cell communication (reviewed in ref. 1). For many years, Sutherland had been interested in understanding how hormones, such as catecholamines, released by one cell type could alter the characteristics of a target cell because hormones of this type were charged, and therefore could not enter the c...

The global production of farmed Atlantic salmon amounts to over 2 million tons per year. Consumed all the world, is not only delicious but also nutritious. This paper deals with relationship between moisture content, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and sensory evaluation in baking process salmon. An artificial neural network (ANN) model has bee...

During the past 30 years evidence has been accumulating which suggests that glucagon (the hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor of the pancreas) is a true hormone and that it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans (1, 2). Its purification and crystallization were finally accomplished in 1953 by Staub, Sinn, and Behrens (3). The crystalline material is a simple protein with a molecular weight of ...

Marcus Rall, MD Simulation is a complex social endeavor, in which human beings interact with each other, a simulator, and other technical devices. The goal-oriented use for education, training, and research depends on an improved conceptual clarity about simulation realism and related terms. The article introduces concepts into medical simulation that help to clarify potential problems during s...

In the domination game on a graph G, two players called Dominator and Staller alternately select vertices of G. Each vertex chosen must strictly increase the number of vertices dominated; the game ends when the chosen set becomes a dominating set of G. Dominator aims to minimize the size of the resulting dominating set, while Staller aims to maximize it. When both players play optimally, the si...

Two traditional beliefs about olfaction are that the system is poorly understood and that it functions poorly in humans. An outline of a theory of olfactory processing has in fact been emerging for many years (Rall and Shepherd, 1968; Stewart et al., 1979; Haberly, 1985; Lancet, 1986; Buck and Axel, 1991; Shepherd, 1991; Imamura et al., 1992; Mori and Shepherd, 1994; Mombaerts, 2004; Wilson, 20...

The 34 -Game Total Domination Conjecture posed by Henning, Klavžar and Rall [Combinatorica, to appear] states that if G is a graph on n vertices in which every component contains at least three vertices, then γtg(G) ≤ 34n, where γtg(G) denotes the game total domination number of G. Motivated by this conjecture, we raise the problem to a higher level by introducing a transversal game in hypergra...