The value of metabolomics in translational research is undeniable, and metabolomics data are increasingly generated in large cohorts. The functional interpretation of disease-associated metabolites though is difficult, and the biological mechanisms that underlie cell type or disease-specific metabolomics profiles are oftentimes unknown. To help fully exploit metabolomics data and to aid in its ...

One of the major criticisms of ramp-metering has been the delay caused on the ramps because of the queues created by ramp control strategies. However, recently, several researchers proposed strategies that explicitly take into account ramp queues when determining metering rates. In this paper, an isolated “feedback” based ramp-metering strategy using modeling is presented. In addition to the re...

Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been turned off for eight weeks in fall 2000 in an experiment testing their effectiveness. This chapter analyzes the data collected during the experiment on several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Several performance measures for ramp metering including mobility, equity, consumers’ surplus, productivity, accessibility, and travel tim...

Ramp meters in the Twin Cities have been the subject of a recent test of their effectiveness, involving turning them off for eight weeks. This paper analyzes the results with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Seven performance measures: mobility, equity, productivity, consumers’ surplus, accessibility, travel time variation and trave...

The relationship of sinusoidal smooth pursuit defects to pursuit defects with step-ramp targets in patients with cerebral lesions is unclear. We examined pursuit and saccades to both step-ramp and sinusoidal targets in 17 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. Two types of pursuit defects were found. One group of three patients had ipsi-directional sinusoidal pursuit defects from lesions to...

The Josephson tunnel junction is the basic element of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Amongst other parameters, the junction capacitance determines the characteristics of a (digital) SQUID. In a conventional dc SQUID, reducing the junction capacitance decreases the flux noise of the sensor, whereas in digital SQUIDs, the operating frequency can be increased when reducing ...

Three-phase pwm voltage source inverters are widely employed in high performance ac drive system, active filters and uninterrupted power supply (UPS) etc.For these applications, the converter should provides good dynamic response. However the performance of the converter system largely depends on the accuracy of the applied current control strategy. The current controllers can be classified as ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate traffic flow characteristics at off-ramp junctions in Iranian expressways. The study was conducted on the traffic behavior in isolated off-ramp vicinity of 6-lane expressways. The database consisted of traffic flow and traffic speed information extracted from videotapes. The relationship between diverging traffic flow in the right lane of expressway ...

Ramp metering has been broadly accepted and deployed as an effective countermeasure against both recurrent and non-recurrent congestion on freeways. However, many current ramp metering algorithms tend to improve only freeway travels using local detectors' inputs and overlook the negative impacts on local streets. This may generate two problems: 1) the optimal local settings may not result in a ...

Continuously shrinking device parameters and the enlargement of wafer diameters in semiconductor industry require best temperature homogeneity in Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). This together with the requirement of high ramp rates in the range of 200 °C s as advantageously used in ultra shallow junction processes [1] challenges temperature control in RTP technology. In order to design advanced...