Débora M. Santana a,b, Gulnara P. Borja-Cabrera b, Edilma Paraguai de Souza b, Nancy R. Sturm a, Clarisa B. Palatnik de Sousa b, David A. Campbell * a Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1747, USA b Instituto de Microbiologia*/Professor Paulo de Góes, CCS, Cidade Universitária, ...

Frog virus 3 (FV3) and FV3-like viruses, are members of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae), and they have been associated with infectious diseases that may be contributing to amphibian population declines. We examined the mode of transmission of an FV3-like virus, and potential hosts and reservoirs of the virus in a local amphibian community. Using the polymerase chain reaction to detect...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BROOKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUDDER, Entomology; N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; H. P. BOWDITCH, P...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; JOSEPH LE CONTE, Geology; W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; HENRY F. OSBORN, Paleontology; W. K. BROOKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUDDER, Entomology; C. E. BESSEY, N. L. BRITTON, Botany; C. S. MINOT, Embryology, Hist...

Efficacy of inoculative freezing by ice nuclei in a simulated winter environment was studied in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica), a freeze-tolerant species that overwinters on the forest floor beneath organic detritus. Adult frogs were confined to plastic canisters and cooled to -2 degrees C over 24 hr with their ventral skin in contact with substrate (humic soil hydrated to 40, 10, or 5%, or soi...

Ecologists utilize laboratories, mesocosms, and field environments as the settings for their experiments. However, the ways in which these venues influence experimental outcomes remain poorly understood. I tested the effect of experimental venue by conducting parallel manipulations in mesocosms and in the field. A target-neighbor experiment estimating the impact of larval wood frog (Rana sylvat...

EDITORIAL COMMIrTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMsEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BROOKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUDDER, Entomology; N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; H. P. BOWDITCH, P...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanies; E. C. PICKERING. Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BRooKs, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUDDER, Entomology; C. E. BESSEY, N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; C. ...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechaniis; E. C. PIcKERING. Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMsEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; W. M. DAVIS, Physiographv; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BROOKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUDDER, Entomology; N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; H. P. BOWDITCH, P...

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: S. NEWCOMB, Mathematics; R. S. WOODWARD, Mechanics; E. C. PICKERING, Astronomy; T. C. MENDENHALL, Physics; R. H. THURSTON, Engineering; IRA REMSEN, Chemistry; J. LE CONTE, Geology; 'W. M. DAVIS, Physiography; 0. C. MARSH, Paleontology; W. K. BROKS, C. HART MERRIAM, Zoology; S. H. SCUIDDER, Entomology; C. E. BESSEY, N. L. BRITTON, Botany; HENRY F. OSBORN, General Biology; C....