background: cigarette smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in developed countries where at least one in four adults smoke cigarettes.healthcare providers who smoke are less likely to advise patients to quit smoking. the aim of this study is to find out the frequency of to acco smoking among medical professionals in tertiary care hospitals of karachi, and to...

background & aim: prenatal care is a key strategy for achieving public health goals, primary healthcare objectives, and the millennium development goals. the aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the use of prenatal care services in order to design suitable interventions and promote the use of these services. methods:in this systematic quantitative literature review, stud...

Learning To Rank (LTR) techniques aim to learn an effective document ranking function by combining several document features. While the function learned may be uniformly applied to all queries, many studies have shown that different ranking functions favour different queries, and the retrieval performance can be significantly enhanced if an appropriate ranking function is selected for each indi...

Comparing universities and courses is of interest to a variety stakeholders including potential students, policy makers, news media organisations, ranking providers, themselves. There are range existing university schemes that provide comparisons (e.g. Academic Ranking World Universities) but typically these designed with face-to-face teaching learning in mind. also growing number quality assur...

background: health care organizations are of high importance due to their significant responsibility in prevention and care. job dissatisfaction among health care staff would result in emotional disconnection, indifference, and decreased quality of health services. the present study thus aimed to evaluate job satisfaction among health workers. methods: this study was a cross-sectional analysis ...

background & aim: breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important factor affecting the success and duration of breastfeeding. self-efficacy of people is influenced by four sources including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and the physiological responses which seem to be modified by breastfeeding intervention.  this study was conducted to compare the effect of p...

In this paper we study the bio-economics of a renewable resource with governing dynamics described by two distinct growth functions (viz., logistic and Gompertz growth functions) in a seasonally varying environment. Seasonality is introduced into the system by taking the involved ecological parameters to be periodic. In this work, we establish a procedure to obtain the optimal path and compute ...

In the past few years, there has been much work on incorporating fairness requirements into algorithmic rankers, with contributions coming from data management, algorithms, information retrieval, and recommender systems communities. this survey, we give a systematic overview of work, offering broad perspective that connects formalizations approaches across sub-fields. An important contribution ...

In this paperwe comparepronoun resolution algorithmsand introduce a centering algorithm(LeftRightCentering) that adheres to the constraints and rules of centering theory and is an alternative to Brennan, Friedman, and Pollard’s (1987) algorithm. We then use the Left-Right Centering algorithm to see if two psycholinguistic claims on Cf-list ranking will actually improve pronoun resolution accura...