OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue dissolution efficacy of four root canal irrigation solutions (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX], Octenidine [OCT], and QMix 2in1) on bovine pulp tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty bovine pulp tissue samples, each weighing 6.55 mg, were prepared and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one contro...

UNLABELLED Animal studies have shown that large volumes of IV lactated Ringer's solution (LR) decrease serum osmolality, thereby increasing cerebral water. These studies have led to recommendations to limit LR to avoid cerebral edema in neurosurgical patients. Eighteen healthy human volunteers aged 20-48 yr received 50 mL/kg LR over 1 h on one occasion and 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) on another. ...

Thirty-three patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate were allocated randomly to receive either 0.9% isotonic saline 7 ml kg-1 (16 patients), or 3% hypertonic saline 7 ml kg-1 (17 patients) as a preload before spinal anaesthesia. After spinal anaesthesia, the incidence of systolic arterial pressure < 75% of control value was greater in the normal saline group than in...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is no evidence that the epinephrine-3% hypertonic saline combination is more effective than 3% hypertonic saline alone for treating infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. We evaluated the efficacy of nebulized epinephrine in 3% hypertonic saline. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 208 infants hos...

INTRODUCTION Hypertonic saline (HS) was introduced in our physician-based mobile emergency care unit (MECU) in September 2006 for patients with severe traumatic brain injury and hypotension. HS has, however, rarely been used and we sought to identify barriers to its implementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a survey based on a questionnaire administered to all 40 anaesthesiologists em...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of topical mitomycin-C at different concentrations on submucosal collagen deposition on the vocal folds of swine. METHODS The animals were divided into three groups according to the composition of the topical solution to be applied to the vocal folds: 0.9% saline solution (control group); 4 mg/ml mitomycin-C (group 1) and 8 mg/ml mitomycin-C (group 2). Thirty ...

Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the universal experiences of childhood. Worldwide, by 1 year of life, half of all children have been infected with RSV and by 2 years of age, virtually all children have been infected with RSV. Unlike many viral infections, it is the prevalence, as opposed to the severity, of infection that motivates our collective focus on the optimal t...

Objectives During arthroscopic or open joint surgery, articular cartilage may be subjected to mechanical insults by accident or design. These may lead to chondrocyte death, cartilage breakdown and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. We have shown that increasing osmolarity of routinely used normal saline protected chondrocytes against injuries that may occur during orthopedic surgery. Often several l...

The present review discusses the hemodynamic and immune-modulatory effects of hypertonic saline in experimental shock and in patients with sepsis. We comment on the mechanisms of action of hypertonic saline, calling upon data in hemorrhagic and septic shock. Specific actions of hypertonic saline applicable to severe sepsis and septic shock are highlighted. Data available support potential benef...

background: amylin and salmon calcitonin belong to the calcitonin family of peptides and have high affinity binding sites in the rat spinal cord. the aim of this study was to characterize receptors for amylin and salmon calcitonin functionally in the spinal cord of rats. we assessed the expression of c-fos in response to intraplantar formalin in the lumbar regions of the spinal cord in consciou...