The ability to determine absolute distance to an object is one of the most basic measurements of remote sensing. Highprecision ranging has important applications in both large-scale manufacturing and in future tight formation-flying satellite missions, where rapid and precise measurements of absolute distance are critical for maintaining the relative pointing and position of the individual sate...

This paper proposes the compact microstrip antenna with high gain and broad bandwidth by using Bi-polar mechanism. In this mechanism the surface is increased and the losses are reduced. This antenna uses the MATLAB simulator to calculate the parameters and from results it is found that the bandwidth is wider by using this mechanism. This antenna is used for C-Band application, which is the part...

Six Ways to Leave Unemployment This paper uses a unique Portuguese data set to examine the effect of unemployment benefit receipt and maximum duration of benefits on escape rates from unemployment. The focus is on the time profile of transitions out of unemployment. The novel aspect of the study resides in its identification of six destination states, namely, open-ended employment, fixed-term c...

Summay.-The effects of specific versus variable practice on retention and transfer was investigated. 30 participants were randomly assigned to one of three practice conditions. The variable speed group practiced on a pursuit rotor task at three different speeds (60, 45, 30 rpm) which were randomly distributed but equal in number for 30 10-sec. trials on Day 1. The Specific Practice group perfor...

Delivery of goods without bill of lading is a very difficult problem in maritime law field. It can not only shake the foundation of the bill of lading system, but also affect the function of bill of lading. Some scholars have theoretically put their discussion emphasis on the transport document innovation, and tried to regulate delivery of goods without bill of lading by the adoption of sea way...

The origin of allometric scaling of metabolic rate is a long-standing question in biology. Several models have been proposed for explaining the origin; however, they have advantages and disadvantages. In particular, previous models only demonstrate either two important observations for the allometric scaling: the variability of scaling exponents and predominance of 3/4-power law. Thus, these mo...

Snapshots of BGP tables and updates have been studied in the past to understand the convergence time and global routing stability at the protocol level. However, very little has been done to carefully analyze the causes behind these BGP updates and their impact on traffic. We bridge the gap by presenting a systematic approach for correlating Internal BGP(I-BGP) updates with packet traces in a l...

The theory of ultrabroadband multifrequency Raman generation is extended, for the first time, to allow for beam-propagation effects in one and two transverse dimensions. We show that a complex transverse structure develops even when diffraction is neglected. In the general case, we examine how the ultrabroadband multifrequency Raman generation process is affected by the intensity, phase quality...

Species with sexual dimorphism provide powerful study systems for understanding adaptation to different lifestyles as it removes the potentially confounding effects of phylogeny. Thynnine wasps have a stark sexual dimorphism where males fly patrols in search of the flightless, predominantly fossorial females with which to mate. Using flow-through respirometry, we tested the prediction that the ...

Interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear gene products that underlie eukaryotic energy metabolism can cause the fitness effects of mutations in one genome to be conditional on variation in the other genome. In ectotherms, the effects of these interactions are likely to depend upon the thermal environment, because increasing temperature accelerates molecular rates. We find that temperature...