The output energy dependence of high repetition rate grazing incidence pumped Ni-like Mo, Ni-like Ag, and Ne-like Ti transient collisional soft x-ray lasers on the duration of the pump pulse was studied combining experiments and model simulations. Lasing is observed to occur for a wide range of pump pulse widths e.g., 2 to 18 ps for Ni-like Ag , with maximum output occurring for pump pulses of ...

We report an investigation on optical and scintillation properties and radiation hardness of four 20 cm long BSO crystals grown at SIC for the HHCAL detector concept. Their optical and scintillation properties, such as longitudinal transmittance, light output and light response uniformity, were measured before and after γ-ray irradiation. Progresses are observed in optical quality, light output...

Introduction: Extensive use of diagnostic radiology is the largest contributor to total population radiation doses. Thus, appropriate equipment and safe practice are necessary for good-quality images with optimal doses. This study aimed to perform quality control (QC) audit for radiography and fluoroscopy devices owned by private sector in Syria (2005-2013) to verify compliance of performance o...

the sources of output growth of iranian agriculture over the years 1986-2001 has been examined, using a decomposition method within the input-output (io) framework. the three comparable io tables of 1986, 1991, and 2001 have been employed as the main data sources. output changes from a demand side perspective, and decomposition of the growth of output into components attributable to consumption...

Electron-excited X-ray mapping is a key operational mode of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The popularity of X-ray mapping persists despite the significant time penalty due to the relatively low output count rates, typically less than 25 kHz, that can be processed with the conventional EDS. The silicon drift detector (SDD) uses t...

Microstructured optical fibers containing alkali halide scintillation materials of CsI(Na), CsI(Tl), and NaI(Tl) are presented. The scintillation materials are grown inside the microstructured fibers using a modified BridgmanStockbarger technique. The x-ray photon counts of these fibers, with and without an aluminum film coating are compared to the output of a collimated CdTe solid state detect...

Conventional diagnostic X-ray units are used for radiographic imaging in many countries. For obtaining entrance surface doses, a numerical dose determination method has been applied in Japan. Although this technique is effective, it has to account for errors, particularly fluctuations, due to the beam quality and output of X-ray tubes. As a part of our quality control procedures, we recorded th...

Some pulsars have their maximum observable energy output in the gamma-ray band, offering the possibility of using these high-energy photons as probes of the particle acceleration and interaction processes in pulsar magnetospheres. After an extended hiatus between satellite missions, the recently-launched AGILE mission and the upcoming Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Tele...

We show that a free-electron laser oscillator generating X-ray pulses with hard X-ray wavelengths of order 0.1 nm is feasible using the presently proposed FEL-quality electron beam within the space of existing LCLS-II infrastructure when combined with a low-loss X-ray crystal cavity. In an oscillator configuration driven by the 4 GeV energy electron beam lasing at the fifth harmonic, output x-r...

BACKGROUND Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy based absorption near-edge structure analysis, is a spectroscopic technique useful for investigating sample composition at a nanoscale of resolution. While the technique holds great promise for analysis of biological samples, current methodologies are challenged by a lack of automatic analysis software e. g. for selection of regions of interest and statis...