Phase transitions of reaction-diffusion systems with a site occupation restriction, particle creation requiring n > 2 parents, and in which explicit diffusion of single particles (A) is possible, are reviewed. Arguments based on mean-field approximation and simulations are given which support novel kind of nonequilibrium criticality. These are in contradiction with the implications of a suggest...

factors influencing behavioral reaction of corn farmers to mitigate production risks in kermanshah township region constituted the main purpose followed in this descriptive-correlational study. the study population was comprised of corn farmers of kermanshah township who cultivated corn during the farming year 2009-2010 (n= 3239).a sample of 340 farmers was selected through systematic random sa...

In an equilibrium chemical reaction mixture, the number of molecules present obeys a Poisson distribution. We ask when the same is true of the steady state of a nonequilibrium reaction network and obtain an essentially complete answer. In particular, we show that networks with certain topological features must have a Poisson distribution, whatever the reaction rates. Such driven systems also ob...

The most efficient steaming conditions below 200 degrees C for extracting antioxidants from used tea leaves and their reaction behavior during the steaming treatment were investigated. The antioxidative activity of the steamed extracts increased with increasing steaming temperature, and the yield of the ethyl acetate extract fraction from each steamed extract showing the greatest antioxidative ...

During coordinated eye-hand movements, saccade reaction times (SRTs) and reach reaction times (RRTs) are correlated in humans and monkeys. Reaction times (RTs) measure the degree of movement preparation and can correlate with movement speed and accuracy. However, RTs can also reflect effector nonspecific influences, such as motivation and arousal. We use a combination of behavioral psychophysic...

The Lengyel–Epstein reaction–diffusion system of the CIMA reaction is revisited. We construct a Lyapunov function to show that the constant equilibrium solution is globally asymptotically stable when the feeding rate of iodide is small. We also show that for small spatial domains, all solutions eventually converge to a spatially homogeneous and timeperiodic solution. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All ri...

A green, efficient, chemoselective, facile and clean procedure is described and discussed for the synthesis of α, α'-bis (substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones in solvent-free conditions. The condensation reaction was carried out through the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with cycloalkanones in the presence of Fe3O4@WO3 (Fe3O4@WO3</s...

How do competitors react to each other’s price-promotion and advertising actions? How do these reactions influence the net sales impact we observe? We answer these questions by performing a large-scale empirical study of the short-run and long-run reactions to promotion and advertising shocks in over 400 consumer product categories, over a four-year time span. Competitive reaction can be passiv...

We have investigated the dependence of reaction impedance in titanium anodizing on the frequency of a small sine wave voltage superimposed on a fixed D.C. voltage. The magnitude of the reaction impedance, |Z| is found to obey a power law of the angular frequency , | Z | . The exponent of 0.52 ± 0.05, which was determined by the measurement of the frequency-dependent |Z|, indicates that in the t...

The behavior of others and the price of giving are two important determinants of contributions to public goods. This paper tests in two field experiments, whether men and women differ in their reaction to either a change in the behavior of the average group behavior or the price of giving, i.e. a matching mechanism. The results of the field experiment show that men and women do not differ in th...