This paper presents a new framework for measuring the benefits of IT in construction. The framework is based on the principle that benefits realisation must be managed by: planning for strategic alignment and business-driven exploitation, managing the process of predicting benefits, and by measuring resulting benefits after a system or innovation is implemented. Three distinct types of benefits...

In this paper we solve the problem of realization of response maps for rational systems. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a response map to be realizable by a rational system are presented. The properties of rational realizations such as observability, controllability, and minimality are studied. Finally, we briefly discuss the procedures for checking observability and controllability of...

A simple Bayesian model for a univariate spatial Gaussian process can be defined as follows. The quantity of interest will be denoted {Z(s), s ∈ G}, G ⊂ R (d is the dimension of the spatial domain, here d = 2), which is the observed value of Y (s), a latent spatial process. Furthermore, suppose we have observations which are a partial realization of this random process, taken at a fixed, finite...

The existing q-Markov COVER realization theory does not take into account the problems of arithmetic errors due to both the quantization of states and coefficients of the reduced order model. All q-Markov COVERs allow some freedom in the choice of parameters. In this paper we exploit this freedom in the existing theory to optimize the models with respect to thes,_ finite wordlength effects. *De...

We consider the problem of estimating the state of a diffusion process, based on discrete time observations in singular noise. We reduce the problem to a static problem, and we show that the solution is provided by the area or co–area formula of ge~ metric measure theory, provided the observed value is a regular value of the observation function. In order to address the case of singular values,...

This paper investigates interrogative intonation in North Kyeongsang Korean, a pitch accent language making use of final particles. A production study shows that yes/no questions do not have rising intonation, in contrast to impressionistic observations in the literature. Moreover, a perception study shows that the perceptual distinction between yes/no questions and statements is fairly sharp, ...

An approximately scale invariant spectrum generating the seeds of structure formation is derived from a bimetric gravity theory. By requiring that the amplitude of the CMB fluctuations from the model matches the observed value, we determine the fundamental length scale in the model to be a factor of 10 times larger than the Planck length, which results in a scalar mode spectral index: ns ≈ 0.97...

We study a class of superstring models compactified in the 3-generation Calabi-Yau manifold of Tian and Yau. Our analysis includes the complete E 6-singlet sector, which has been recently evaluated using techniques of spectral and exact sequences. We use the discrete symmetries of the models to find flat directions of symmetry breaking that leave unbroken a low energy matter parity and make all...

In the classical decision theory framework, the loss is a function of the decision taken and the state of nature as represented by a parameter 0. Information about 0 can be obtained via observation of a random variable X. In some situations however the loss will depend not directly on 0 but on the observed value of another random variable Y whose distribution depends on 0. This adds an extra la...

Natural human interaction is highly dynamic and responsive: interlocutors produce utterances incrementally, smoothly switch speaking turns with virtually no delay, make use of on-the-fly adaptation and (self) interruptions, execute movement in tight synchrony, etc. We present the conglomeration of our research efforts in enabling the realization of such fluent interactions for Embodied Conversa...