In interactive systems, the ~dialogue manager’ isa central component, whose primary task is to decide what o do next in a dialogue. This decision i volves taking a variety ofkinds of context information nto account, with different logical properties, u ed in different types of reasoning, andtherefore with different demands onrepresentation. In this paper we discuss the representation of the con...

Thinkers and philosophers have constantly benefited from different         approaches of reasoning to explore and justify their ideas. Theses reasoning            approaches are considered as the principle instruments in speculative activities of the thinkers. To this end to achieve the procedure of thinking and the way philosophers achieve objectives, it is necessary to recognize their reasoni...

The decreased pressure in the cabin of a pressurised aircraft (typically equivalent to ~8000 ft) reduces the oxygen level so that the blood oxygen saturation of all occupants falls from >97% (normoxia) at sea-level to below 92% (mild hypoxia). Although exposure to mild hypoxia does not affect well-learned cognitive and motor performance of aircrew, it has been proposed that it can affect the pe...

The article focuses on Teacher Time Outs (TTOs) in rehearsals and co-enactments as part of a practice-based approach to professional development, aiming support teachers’ learning ambitious mathematics teaching. Ambitious teaching requires teachers be responsive students’ ideas in-the-moment instruction. This is complex places enormous demands the teacher. We examine how TTOs their development ...

We shall consider an application in mechanical engineering, and shall show that the adequate modeling of the terminology of this problem domain in a conventional concept language poses two main representation problems. The first requires access to concrete domains, such as real numbers, while the second asks for a construct which can be used to represent sequences of varying length . As shown i...

Increasing complexity of design in automotive electrical systems has been paralleled by increased demands for analysis of the safety and reliability aspects of those designs. Such demands can place a great burden on the engineers charged with carrying out the analysis. This paper describes how the intended functions of a circuit design can be combined with a qualitative model of the electrical ...