Objectives: 1. Develop a weather-based model for scheduling fungicide applications to improve disease control and reduce fungicide usage. 2. Evaluate efficacy of various products for control of apple powdery mildew. 3. Evaluate reduced DMI and strobilurin fungicide programs, in combination with inorganic salts, for control of powdery mildew. 4. Evaluate various reduced fungicide programs, alone...

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important foliar wheat diseases worldwide. Current control strategies STB rely mainly on fungicides, whereby triazoles (demethylation inhibitors; DMIs) have been backbone in Z. last decades. However, recent years a gradual loss sensitivity to several active ingredients triazole group has reported European wheat-gr...

The global food supply has been facing increasing challenges during the first decades of the 21st century. Disease in plants is an important constraint to worldwide crop production, accounting for 20-40% of its annual harvest loss. Although the use of resistant varieties, good water management and agronomic practices are valid management tools in counteracting plant diseases, there are still ma...

Triazole fungicides are used broadly for the control of infectious diseases of both humans and plants. The surge in resistance to triazoles among pathogenic populations is an emergent issue both in agriculture and medicine. The non-rational use of fungicides with site-specific modes of action, such as the triazoles, may increase the risk of antifungal resistance development. In the medical fiel...

Several species of bumblebees have recently experienced range contractions and possible extinctions. While threats to bees are numerous, few analyses have attempted to understand the relative importance of multiple stressors. Such analyses are critical for prioritizing conservation strategies. Here, we describe a landscape analysis of factors predicted to cause bumblebee declines in the USA. We...

Quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides represent one of the most widely used groups of fungicides used to control agriculturally important fungal pathogens. They inhibit the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondrial respiration. Soon after their introduction onto the market in 1996, QoI fungicide-resistant isolates were detected in field plant pathogen populations of a large range of species...

Evaluation of various fungicides against leaf blast of rice was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bavikere, Tarikere (Tq), Chikkmangalore (Dist.), Karnataka during kharif 2010 and 2011 season. A highly susceptible rice variety TO-39 was planted in Randomized Complete Block Design and the application of various fungicides viz Dithane Z -78 75 WP (0.2 %),Carbendazim(0.1%), Propiconazo...

We identified two genes related to fungicide resistance in Fusarium fujikuroi through random mutagenesis. Targeted gene deletions showed that survival factor 1 deletion resulted in higher sensitivity to fungicides, while deletion of the gene encoding F-box/WD-repeat protein increased resistance, suggesting that the genes affect fungicide resistance in different ways.

Fungicides are either chemicals or biological agents that inhibit the growth of fungi or fungal spores. Modern fungicides do not kill fungi, they simply inhibit growth for a period of days or weeks. Fungi can cause serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality and profit. Fungicides are used both in agriculture and to fight fungal infections in animals. Chemicals...