Previously we have shown in dogs that tibial bone marrow and s.c. tissue temperatures are lower than rectal temperature during the plateau phase of whole body hyperthermia with the use of a radiant heating device. In an attempt to increase thermal dose to these sites during whole body hyperthermia, we applied insulation to an extremity prior to the plateau phase of heating. We found that extrem...

BACKGROUND Current therapeutic standard for locally advanced rectal cancer is the neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with total mesorectal excision. Diarrhoea is the main acute side effect, induced by the dose to the small-bowel, frequently leading to a treatment modification. Aim of this study was to analyse the differences between the irradiated small-bowel volumes and the occurrence of acute diar...

PURPOSE To investigate the dose distributions associated with a novel balloon sleeve placed over a standard cylinder applicator. MATERIAL AND METHODS A computed tomography (CT) scan of a sleeve balloon shaped to inflate into the vaginal fornices was used to digitize 1-, 3-, and 5-catheter configurations. Point doses for rectum, apex, and fornix were calculated and compared to the values assoc...

PURPOSE Tomotherapy for intensity-modulated radiation has been demonstrated to reduce unnecessary irradiations to adjacent organs at risk (OARs). The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric parameters between Tomotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in rectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We redesigned three-dimensional conformal plans for 20 rect...

A 24-year-old female with Hodgkin's disease and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was tested with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) tablets. Because treatment failure was feared owing to chronic emesis potentially resulting in incomplete drug absorption, the same TMP/SMX dose was administered by rectal suppositories after the 5th day of oral dosing. The relative fractions (rectal/oral) or t...

E ate rectal bleeding is well established as a key doseimiting end point in prostate radiotherapy (1–6) and is an mportant consideration in cervical cancer radiotherapy (7– ). Consequently, much effort has been devoted to estabishing dose–response relations for rectal bleeding (1–8). linically, however, little has been directly established bout the response of this end point to changes in fract...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the dose-response relationship between tissue, blood, vaginal and rectal compartment concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) and tenofovir diphosphate (TFVdp) and ex vivo rectal HIV suppression following oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and rectal administration of TFV 1% vaginally-formulated gel. DESIGN Phase 1, randomized, two-site (US), double...

BACKGROUND Polyamines (e.g., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are required for optimal cell growth. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis suppresses carcinogen-induced epithelial cancers, including colon cancer, in animal models. In a short-term phase IIa trial, we determined that low doses of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (an enzyme involved in ...

In the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved the rate of local recurrence after surgery and anal sphincter preservation [1]. Because it resulted in down-staging of tumors and changes of histologic characteristics, it is now regarded as the standard treatment in the patients with stages II-III advanced rectal cancer [2]. Conventional preoperative ch...

With more than 7,000 new HIV infections daily worldwide, there is an urgent need for non-vaccine biomedical prevention (nBP) strategies that are safe, effective, and acceptable. Clinical trials have demonstrated that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretrovirals (ARVs) can be effective at preventing HIV infection. In contrast, other trials using the same ARVs failed to show consistent ef...