conclusions nbi cystoscopy improved the detection rate. although false positives were more common with nbi, this was not statistically significant. nbi found additional aggressive tumors, which underscores the impact of detection in eortc recurrence risk scoring. results fifty patients, aged 63.86 ± 10.05 years, were enrolled. the overall detection rate was 98.9% for nbi vs. 89.4% for wli (p = ...

Background: Urethral stricture (post-scarring contraction in the urethral mucosa) is among most challenging clinical conditions urology. In Pakistan, a high-volume disease and constitutes 4-5% of urology workload (majority them being 3rd to 5th decade life). Different strictures have different management option depending upon site, size number recurrences. OIU indicated for small (1.5 cm) bulba...

PURPOSE The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) scoring system and risk table were introduced in the 2008 European Association of Urology guidelines on TaT1 bladder cancer. We compared the recurrence and progression rate between EORTC risk tables and author's patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURB) following intravesical Bacillus Ca...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a common premalignant lesion. The possible benefits of specific interventions in preventing a malignant transformation of OL are not well understood. This review assesses different invasive treatment techniques for OL and evaluate the optimal treatment possibilities.METHODS: A Medline (PubMed) search was conducted and heterogeneity between the studie...

BACKGROUND Viral warts are a common infectious disease and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is one of the most common methods for treatment of these warts. Hand-foot viral warts frequently recur and reduce quality of life as well. OBJECTIVE To find the ideal treatment interval between cryotherapy sessions that can influence not only the cure rate but also the recurrence rate for hand-foot viral wa...