BACKGROUND Orthodontists are commonly faced with the decision of what to do with debonded or inaccurately positioned brackets. An economical option to this dilemma is to recycle the brackets. Many recycling methods have been proposed, but the optimal bond strength of these recycled brackets needs further evaluation. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effect of three recycling methods: (i) ...

Agenda 2020 has identified the need to improve the quality of recovered fiber. This project addresses this challenge with the use oxidative enzymes, such as laccase and soybean peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide, that increase the fiber charge of recycled fibers. By increasing the number of surface carboxylic acid groups on recycle fiber, this treatment will improve paper strength. In addition, oxida...

in this study, in order to constitute polyelectrolyte multilayers (pem) using layer-by-layer nanotechnology, recycled fibers were subsequently treated with cationic starch (cs) and anionic starch (as) multi-layers each layer conducted at neutral ph for 10 minutes. also, to compare with mechanical of refining, the pulp was refined for 25 minutes to the freeness of about 291 ml.csf using valley b...

Foundries for the metal-casting industry plays a vital role to generate byproducts such as used foundry sand. Metal foundries use large amounts of the metal casting process. Foundries successfully recycle and reuse the sand many times in a foundry but by using repeated usage of Used foundry-sand vary due to the type of equipment used for foundry processing, the types of additives, the number of...

Paper is one of the most common wastes produced by humans, this paper waste often found in household activities as well offices and schools. Processing recycling can add many advantages including being able to reduce environment, save energy, impact global warming also generate income. This recycled be used make various handicraft products that made people who have creative values an artistic s...

The presented research project describes the development of a copy paper product from recycled egg carton fiber material. included laboratory handsheet and machine-made produced on 12-inch (304 mm) wide Fourdrinier machine which was operated at speed 6.4 ft/min (1.95 m/min).
 final had content 70% 30% northern bleached softwood Kraft as reinforcement material to avoid sheet breaks machine....

Introduction: A large number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the failed bonded brackets or use recycled brackets in some instances. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of rebonding with using recycled brackets on enamel surface. Methods: Bonding of brackets on the surface of extracted first bicuspids was tested in five different groups to compare their shear bond stre...