hargraves-samani method is one of the methods for calculating plant evapotranspiration that needs minimum meteorological data. in order to evaluate et-hs model in determining sugar beet crop water demand in isfahan, an experiment was conducted at research field of department of agriculture, khorasgan branch, islamic azad university, isfahan, iranin 2005. the study was based a randomized complet...

monthly and annual water and phosphorus mass budgets were set up over the year 2010 for thelake rio verde, brazil. limited data for the water budget was compensated using an interpolation methodwith data water budget data of a nearby reservoir. thus, errors of ca. 1.5% were estimated for the waterbudgets. dominant p mass input terms were inflows from the rivers and direct run off into the reser...

sustainability of water supply networks should be based on the risks of water hammer phenomenon. the purpose of this study is to provide a new approach to the analysis of water hammer phenomenon in the water supply network. by conventional methods, the damage because of water hammer is estimated based on the maximum pressure at nodes. however, during this phenomenon continuation and changing of...

irrigated agriculture is an important contributor to the expansion of national food supplies and is expected to play a major role in food security of developing countries. such countries face water crisis for securing the food staples. well designed water resource policies potentially can improve the water allocation and use efficiency as well as the food security objectives. this paper present...

The interactive effects of CO2 elevation, N fertilization, and reduced irrigation regimes on fruit yield (FY) and quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated in a split-root pot experiment. The plants were grown in two separate climate-controlled greenhouse cells at atmospheric [CO2] of 400 and 800 ppm, respectively. In each cell, the plants were fertilized at either 100 or 20...

Public-supply wells with long screens in alluvial aquifers can produce waters of differing quality from different depths. Seasonal changes in quality are linked to seasonal changes in pumping rates that influence the distribution of flow into the well screens under pumping conditions and the magnitude and direction of intraborehole flow within the wells under ambient conditions. Groundwater flo...

Understanding how different plants prioritize carbon gain and drought vulnerability under a variable water supply is important for predicting which trees will maximize woody biomass production under different environmental conditions. Here, Populus balsamifera (BS, isohydric genotype), P. simonii (SI, previously uncharacterized stomatal behaviour), and their cross, P. balsamifera x simonii (BSx...

Control of drinking water networks is an arduous task given their size and the presence of uncertainty in water demand. It is necessary to impose different constraints for ensuring a reliable water supply in the most economic and safe ways. To cope with uncertainty in system disturbances due to the stochastic water demand/consumption, and optimize operational costs, this paper proposes three st...

Water resource management is becoming increasingly challenging in northern China because of the rapid increase in water demand and decline in water supply due to climate change. We provide a case study demonstrating the importance of integrated watershed management in sustaining water resources in Chifeng City, northern China. We examine the consequences of various climate change scenarios and ...

economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in iran. limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...