Mammalian cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome P450 (CP) play important roles in organic nitrate bioactivation; however, the mechanism by which they convert organic nitrate to NO remains unknown. Questions remain regarding the initial precursor of NO that serves to link organic nitrate to the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). To characterize the mechanism of CPR-CP-mediate...

Reducing nitrate loads from corn and soybean, tile-drained, agricultural production systems in the Upper Mississippi River basin is a major challenge that has not been met. We evaluated a range of possible management practices from biophysical and social science perspectives that could reduce nitrate losses from tile-drained fields in the Upper Salt Fork and Embarras River watersheds of east-ce...

Four diverse chlorides layered double hydroxides with diverse ratios, i.e. Mg-Al (3:1), Mg-Al (4:1), Zn-Al (4:1), and Zn-Al (3:1) LDHs, were prepared to evaluate their efficiency and selectivity towards nitrate removal from aquatic solutions. A batch experiment was done at the initial nitrate concentration of 5-1000 mg/L, pH 5 to 12, and contact time of 5-180 min. Isotherms of nitrate adsorptio...

Vibrio succinogenes grew anaerobically at the expense of formate oxidation, with nitrous oxide (N2O) serving a terminal oxidant. N2O was quantitatively reduced to dinitrogen (N2). In the presence of 5 x 10(-2) atm (ca. 5 kPa) of acetylene (C2H2), which inhibits the reduction of N2O, growth of V. succinogenes was completely inhibited. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite or to ammonia, depending on th...

Propionibacterium acnes P13 was isolated from human feces. The bacterium produced a particulate nitrate reductase and a soluble nitrite reductase when grown with nitrate or nitrite. Reduced viologen dyes were the preferred electron donors for both enzymes. Nitrous oxide reductase was never detected. Specific growth rates were increased by nitrate during growth in batch culture. Culture pH stron...