It is widely known that closure operators on finite sets can be represented by sets of implications (also known as inclusion dependencies) as well as by formal contexts. In this article, we consider these two representation types, as well as generalizations of them: extended implication sets and context families. We discuss the mutual succinctness of these four representations and the tractabil...

In this chapter, three semantics-based schema conversion methods are presented: 1) CPI converts an XML schema to a relational schema while preserving semantic constraints of the original XML schema, 2) NeT derives a nested structured XML schema from a flat relational schema by repeatedly applying the nest operator so that the resulting XML schema becomes hierarchical, and 3) CoT takes a relatio...

the purpose of this study was to investigate two different techniques for testing reading comprehension questions. differences are measured by two different types of questions including inferential and referential questions. to answer the referential questions, the reader is required to move beyond the level of sentence comprehension and understand the relationship among the sentences. while, i...

Ideas of reference are considered hallmarks of schizophrenia-related psychopathology. However, the specificity of referential thinking to schizophrenia-related psychopathology has not been examined empirically. Schizotypy reflects the latent liability for schizophrenia and is associated with referential thinking. Referential thinking may occur in other forms of psychopatholoy, such as social an...

In 1950, the psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson, in a famous treatise on the phases of life development, identified wisdom as a likely, but not inevitable, byproduct of growing older. Wisdom arose, he suggested, during the eighth and final stage of psychosocial development, which he described as “ego integrity versus despair.” If an individual had achieved enough “ego integrity” over the course of a...

Identity management is a relevant issue at a national and international level. Any approach to identity management is incomplete unless privacy is also a consideration. Existing research on evaluating an individual’s privacy preferences has shown discrepancies in the stated standards required by users, and the corresponding observed behaviour. We take a contextual approach to surveying privacy,...

This paper studies referential integrity in multilevel relations with element-level labeling. Our principal contribution is resolution of an impasse left by previous work in this area. We show that the previous work leaves us with a choice of either accepting referential ambiguity, or severely curtailing the modeling power of multilevel relations. We then show how to escape this impasse by elim...

This paper describes what we take to be the correct perspective on the 'empiricist' vs 'rationalist' debate which is the dominant theme of this workshop, and describes a technique for dealing with the translation problems that arise where languages differ in the conditions they impose, and the strategies they employ for expressing different kinds of referential or anaphoric dependence.

Contextual Integrity has been proposed to define privacy in an unusual way. Most approaches take into account a sensitivity level or a “privacy circle”: the information is said to be private or public and to be constrained to a given group of agents, e.g. “my friends”. In the opposite, Contextual Integrity states that any information transmission can trigger a privacy violation depending on the...

this study investigates the relationship between extraversion/introversion personality dimension and the use of strategic competence (sc) in oral referential communication by iranian efl learners. referential communication refers to a kind of guided communication in which the referents (or topics) are given to the speakers to convey their meanings to the listeners. 50 sophomore english students...