Tax extraction in Qing China was low relative to Western Europe. It is not obvious why: China was much more absolutist and had stronger rights over property and people. Why did the Chinese not convert their absolute power into revenue? We propose a model, supported by historical evidence, which suggests that i) the center could not ask its tax collecting agents to levy high taxes because it wou...

PURPOSE To explore physicians' attitudes toward providing directive counsel when dealing with morally controversial medical decisions, and to examine associations between physicians' opinions and their demographic and religious characteristics. METHOD In 2008-2009, the authors mailed a survey to a stratified, random sample of 1,800 U.S. obstetrician-gynecologists. They asked participants whet...

PURPOSE To explore the perspectives of teenage girls on how life contexts influenced sexuality and sexual abstinence. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A qualitative descriptive study with a convenience sample of 14 sexually abstinent African American adolescent females who were interviewed to obtain their life histories. Narrative analysis was used to identify unique and common experiences and to dev...

Tax extraction in Qing China was low relative to Western Europe. It is not obvious why: China was much more absolutist and had stronger rights over property and people. Why did the Chinese not convert their absolute power into revenue? We propose a model, supported by historical evidence, which suggests that i) the center could not ask its tax collecting agents to levy high taxes because it wou...

This paper investigates the relationship between a country’s national culture and level of aid it grants to other countries. We rely on Hofstede’s framework quantify find that are significantly related. Specifically, we show countries having high power distance, masculinity uncertainty avoidance cultures appear refrain from engaging in foreign assistance programmes. On hand, individualistic-cul...

The primary-level teaching organization in colleges and universities is an important basis for research talent cultivation. disconnection between scientific one of the main factors that refrain high education from adapting to society. integration science has become a new mode universities. By adopting Qilu University Technology creates system with “one center, three levels” through path “reorga...

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to compare the notion a Grzegorczyk point introduced in [19] (and thoroughly investigated [3, 14, 16, 18]) standard notions filter Boolean algebras and round contact algebras. In particular, we points filters ultrafilters atomic atomless We also prove how certain extra axiom influences topological spaces for Last but not least, do refrain from philosophical...

Morphological Taxonomies are a widely popular tool in Information Systems to systematically deconstruct an artifact into designable dimensions and characteristics. Subsequently, these taxonomies have engraved them knowledge about the design of artifacts, i.e., descriptive knowledge. Most studies producing morphological refrain from giving prescriptive advice design, specific configuration artif...