Since at least the sixteenth century, the areas of the present day regions of Harar and Wallo have been important centres of teaching and diffusion of Islam as well as of preservation of Islamic culture and education. Preachers and scholars from these areas played a decisive role in the introduction and dissemination of the faith in the country, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centu...

Many CSPs can be effectively represented and efficiently solved using matrix models, in which the matrices may have symmetry between their rows and/or columns. Eliminating all such symmetry can be very costly as there are in general exponentially many symmetries. Cost-effective methods have been proposed to break much of the symmetry, if not all. In this paper, we continue with this line of res...

We review research on the ̄uency heuristic as a basis for the subjective experience of familiarity. Then, we explore the links between the construct of ̄uency and the automatic versus consciously controlled memory processes that are estimated using the process dissociation procedure, and the phenomenological experiences studied using ``Remember'' and ``Know'' judgements. Although the ̄uency tha...

Pulp and paper secondary waste-treatment systems in Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S.A. contained dynamic cyanobacterial communities, some of which exceeded heterotrophic bacterial biomass. No other viable photoautotrophic populations were detected in the ponds. Regardless of geographical location, Oscillatoriales including Phormidium, Geitlerinema, and Pseudanabaena were the dominant t...

We consider multistage stochastic optimization models containing nonconvex constraints, e.g., due to logical or integrality requirements. We study three variants of Lagrangian relaxations and of the corresponding decomposition schemes, namely, scenario, nodal and geographical decomposition. Based on convex equivalents for the Lagrangian duals, we compare the duality gaps for these decomposition...

This paper describes a proposal for OCL (Object Constraint Language) by adding geographical features to assist the geographical data modeling. OCL can be used to complement the diagrams when the UML constructors do not allow the specification of all requirements related to the application domain. The objective is to complement and validate conceptual data diagrams built with constructors of the...

Online dating sites have become popular platforms for people to look for potential romantic partners. It is important to understand users’ dating preferences in order to make better recommendations on potential dates. The message sending and replying actions of a user are strong indicators for what he/she is looking for in a potential date and reflect the user’s actual dating preferences. We st...

Prior research suggests an inverse relationship between geographic distance and financial market linkages. In this paper, we examine whether and how cultural distance between countries mitigates this finding. We find that country-pairs exhibit higher linkages if they have smaller cultural distance. The result remains significant to alternative measures of linkage. Finally, the cultural effect s...

Telehea l th , b ro adly defined, is the use of telecommunications and information technologies to overcome geographic distances between health care practitioners or between practitioners and patients for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment, consultation, education and health information transfer. The vastness of Canada has made the delivery of health services to its widely dispersed population...

Online dating sites have become popular platforms for people to look for romantic partners, providing an unprecedented level of access to potential dates that is otherwise not available through traditional means. Characterization of the user online dating behavior helps us to obtain a deep understanding of their dating preference and make better recommendations on potential dates. In this paper...