Informed consent is generally required before medical research interventions. Despite this, good reasons not to seek such consent often exist. Examples might include research with incompetent patients, research using anonymised tissue samples, and certain types of epidemiological research. Another reason, often forgotten, is where there are methodological reasons not to seek consent in advance ...

OBJECTIVE Patients are commonly presented with complex documents that they have difficulty understanding. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate an animated computer agent to explain research consent forms to potential research participants. METHODS Subjects were invited to participate in a simulated consent process for a study involving a genetic repository. Explanation of th...

introduction: based on individual independence rights, patients can refrain from being treated or can voluntarily discontinue their treatment after receiving full information. this study aimed to review the reasons of treatment refusal and the status of informed refusals for patients. methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive study. the study population included 135 patients who refused t...

This article discusses what level of consent is needed from a child or parent before a primary-school medical can take place (i.e. where children are aged under 12). It also considers whether there are occasions when a doctor can see a child if the parents have failed to give consent or have explicitly refused consent. Primary-school children are considered incompetent to make decisions about t...

Researchers designing a clinical trial may be aware of disputed evidence of serious risks from previous studies. These researchers must decide whether and how to describe these risks in their model informed consent document. They have an ethical obligation to provide fully informed consent, but does this obligation include notice of controversial evidence? With ACCORD as an example, we describe...

objective : to ascertain cancer patients' views regarding disclosure of diagnosis in the pakistani population, anxiety levels after disclosure of the diagnosis, interest in knowing all the treatment options and desire to inform their families. patients and methods : in this cross-sectional study, 147 cancer patients from different hospitals in pakistan were asked questions to determine their op...

Based on data from the Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry Energy Resources, in 2017, there are 9,353 Mining Business Licenses (MBL) with 9,074 MBLs entered DG Coal database. Of these, 6,565 passed CnC requirements, while remaining 2,509 were categorized as non-CnC. The focus problems studied are: (1) What is Direction Changes Government Policy Sector? (2) relationship between Fre...

BACKGROUND Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is high overall but there are disparities in uptake, particularly by ethnicity. Incentivising vaccination consent form return is a promising approach to increase vaccination uptake. As part of a randomised feasibility trial we qualitatively assessed the acceptability of increasing uptake of HPV vaccination by incentivising consent form...

Four media, Lowenstein-Jensen, Middlebrook, Petragnani, and ribonucleic acid, were tested for comparative ability to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specimens used included sputum, urine, tissue, and gastric washings. Three types of comparison were used: (i) comparison derived from randomized specimens; (ii) comparison of cultures from newly diagnosed cases that had received no prior therapy...