Adaptive chains are chains that are able to learn from all previous elements in the chain. It is an extension of Markov chains. It is proved convergence of adaptive chains that satisses a strong Doeblin condition (i.e., the transition density r from x i to y satisses r(y; x 1 ; x 2 ; : : : ; x i) a i (y) for all x 1 ; : : : ; x i ; y in the state space.) By using the previous iterations of the ...

Calligonum mongolicum is a successful pioneer shrub to combat desertification, which is widely used for vegetation restoration in the desert regions of northwest China. In order to reveal the limitations to natural regeneration of C. mongolicum by asexual and sexual reproduction, following the process of sand dune stabilization, we assessed clonal shoots, seedling emergence, soil seed bank dens...

To compare the long-term recovery of gene expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons under conditions of regeneration vs. non-regeneration, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization were used to assess steady-state neurofilament (NF) and beta tubulin mRNA levels 12 weeks following axonal injury. Adult male rats sustained either a crush lesion of the mid-sciatic nerve (regeneration occur...

Cartilage regeneration is a fast growing field that combines biotechnology and molecular techniques in creating new tissue mimicking the native microenvironment. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a highly potent cell source for cartilage regeneration owing to their infinite proliferation capacity and pluripotency. Thus, lineage-specific differentiation of hESCs often results in populations...

Invasive cervical resorption is a type of external resorption rarely seen as an adverse effect after a guided tissue regeneration procedure for a periodontal condition. This case report summarizes the surgical endodontic management of an invasive cervical resorption class 4 (Heithersay) with mineral trioxide aggregate, in a mandibular incisor of a 67-year-old man. A 6-year clinical follow-up wi...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common and potentially life-threatening condition with no established treatment to treat the primary injury. Mesenteric neural stem cell (NSC) therapy promising SCI in chronic phase. We aimed review literature narratively describe current evidence regarding mesenteric NSC SCI. Primary refers tissue damage that occurs at time of trauma leads death neuronal cells. In...