The Arab and literary studies dealt with many issues, including the external dialogue, dialogue is second element of elements which "a that takes place between two or more persons, based on alternation personalities within framework scene, prompted researcher to address this topic, drives event Dramatic for its development generates in recipient sense it similar reality what character possesses...

Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in Southern Hemisphere, which grow diverse site conditions. The aim this paper is to review practices silviculture applied and recommended for these forests, discuss prospects develop new silvicultural proposals improve sustainability, adaptation in-situ conservation forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed knowledge four major ...

Abstract. The effect of clear-fell harvesting on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) was assessed in a Sitka spruce forest growing peaty gley organo-mineral northern England. Fluxes from the litter layer were measured monthly by closed chamber method chromatography over 4 years two mature stands, with one area harvested after first year....

The paper deals with recruitment patterns in larch forests of Mongolia following anthropogenic impacts (felling, fires), and describes successional trends in highland forest communities. It is established that mass seed recruitment of Larix sibirica LEdEb. took place during anomalous combinations of hydrothermal conditions supposedly occurring at periods of about 100 years. During the last deca...

Abstract The purpose of the research was to assess species composition and biodiversity indices for xylophagous beetles collected by window traps in parts Gomilshanski lisy National Nature Park with different management regimes anthropogenic load. Four were placed each five groups sample plots: clear felling, selective stationary recreation, regulated recreation protected zone. data analysed us...

In the last few decades, an increasing number and intensity of bark beetle outbreaks have plagued forests Europe North America. Bark management is directly related to forest owner characteristics, although this relationship not well understood. The purpose study was investigate influence characteristics on amount timing sanitary felling under different disturbance regimes quantities Norway spru...

Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to endangered insect species and a major threat to Lepidoptera in eastern North America. We investigated the effects of the invasive shrub Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and two methods (mulching or hand-felling) of removing it from riparian forests on butterfly communities and compared them to untreated, heavily invaded control plots and to ‘...

This paper describes an ongoing design and development project of an autonomous pathtracking forest machine. The work is part of a long-term vision in the forest industry of developing an unmanned shuttle that transports timber from the felling area to the main roads for further transportation. The developed prototype system has two modes of operation: Path Learning, in which the human operator...