Why did the United States promote the increased legalization of the international trade regime during the Uruguay Round (1986-1994)? The WTO’s dispute settlement mechanism is more legalized than its GATT predecessor in several key respects: Rulings are binding, additional authority is delegated to a standing Appellate Body, and the process is rationalized and clarified in important ways. While ...

Doctors and patients are not natural enemies. On the contrary, there is commonly a special relationship between them, with vulnerability and trust on one side and caring and professional expertise on the other. A medical dispute can create turmoil of that relationship, particularly if it is conducted in the traditional adversarial procedure. Depending on how it develops, the patient may see the...