In this paper, we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things (IoT)-based ecosystems. Such ecosystems are typically composed IoT devices, edge cloud computing software services, as well people, who decision makers scenarios such smart cities. Many decisions analytics can be based on data coming from sensors, and people. However, they different levels abstraction gra...

This paper compares two separately developed systems for monitoring activities related to business contracts, describes how we integrated them and exploits the lessons learned from this process to identify a core set of requirements for a Business Contract Language (BCL). Concepts in BCL needed for contract monitoring include: the expression of coordinated concurrent actions; obliged, permitted...

This paper describes an approach for representing electronic commerce contracts using occurrences. We first define what is meant by an occurrence and demonstrate how an occurrence may be used to store a workflow event, such as a purchase. Next we demonstrate how the occurrence abstraction can be used to store names. We continue with an explanation of various types of query and demonstrate how q...

BACKGROUND Generic substitution can have unintended consequences. In Germany, brand name to generic or generic to generic switching is mainly driven by rebate contracts. Frequent switching may raise concerns about bio- and therapeutic equivalence. Expected patient confusion may result in compromised medication adherence or new onset of other drug-related problems. Since 2008, pharmacists are al...