BACKGROUND Explaining the reduction of hydrolysis rate during lignocellulose hydrolysis is a challenge for the understanding and modelling of the process. This article reports the changes of cellulose and lignin surface areas, porosity and the residual cellulase activity during the hydrolysis of autohydrolysed wheat straw and delignified wheat straw. The potential rate-constraining mechanisms a...

Flutamide, an antiandrogen drug, is widely used for the treatment of prostate cancer. The major metabolic pathways of flutamide are hydroxylation and hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed metabolite, 5-amino2-nitrobenzotrifluoride (FLU-1), is further metabolized to N-hydroxy FLU-1, an assumed hepatotoxicant. Our previous study demonstrated that arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), one of the major serine es...

Hydrolysis is a water substitution reaction that aids in the breakdown of many organic molecules. While it has been long studied and used by chemists, hydrolysis has been underutilized by the environmental remediation community. Hydrolysis has been overlooked because its reaction rates, at ambient conditions, are in most cases too slow for efficient degradation of harmful organic compounds. In ...

1. The rate of hydrolysis of methicillin, cloxacillin and quinacillin by staphylococcal extracellular penicillinase decreases progressively with time. 2. The inactivation is prevented but not reversed by benzylpenicillin. 3. The rate of inactivation produced by quinacillin is minimal when the rate of hydrolysis is at a maximum. 4. Under certain conditions, partially inactivated enzyme can be re...

The rate of hydrolysis of esters in solution is highly dependent on the nature of the alcohols, e.g. hydrolysis of methyl acetate is twice as fast as that of ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl acetate and six times as fast as that of i8opropyl acetate (Smith & Olsson, 1925). The fact that the different wool esters hydrolyse at approximately the same rate suggests that the rate-controlling step in the ...

mnco2o4 (mno-co2o3) nanocomposite as a binary oxide has been successfully prepared by precipitation method using cobalt nitrate and manganese nitrate as the precursors and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive micro-analysis (sem-edx) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) techniques. in this work, we report the hydrolysis kinetics reactions of semi mustard (chloroethyl ethy...

The rate of hydrolysis of trans -[Cr(NH ) F ] was obtained as a function of acid concentsation in perchloric, sulfuric and nitric acid at 3Q°C. The results have been analyzed by the treatment of Bunnett and Olsen. Values of the parameter ?in Olsen equation are consistent with the participation of water as a proton-wansfer agent in the rate-determining step. The Arrhenius plot for perchlori...

a series of complexes of the type trans-[co(acacen)(amine)2]clo4, where (acacen) is the (bis(acetyleacetone) ethylenediimine) and the amines are benzyl amine (bzlan) 1, 2-amino pyrimidine (2ampy) 2, n-methylpipirazine (nmpip) 3, 3-methyl pyridine (3mpy) 4, p-toluidine (p-toldn) 5, has been synthesized and characterized by uv-vis. and ft-ir. the kinetics of the substitution reaction of [co(acace...

The rate of methane production in municipal landfills is influenced by a large number of processes. The relevance of these various interacting processes can be evaluated on the basis of a mechanistic model. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relevance of environmental conditions (pH, temperature, moist content) on the methane production rate in municipal landfills. This evaluation is b...

The mechanism by which DNA polymerase discriminates between complementary and noncomplementary nucleotides for insertion into a primer terminus has been investigated. Apparent kinetic constants for the insertion of dGTP and dATP into the hook polymer d(C)194-d(G)12 with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (large fragment) were determined. The results suggest that the high specificity of base sele...