MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that regulate most of important cellular processes by inhibiting gene expression through the post-transcriptional repression of their target mRNAs. In kidneys, miRNAs have been associated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. Results from clinical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that miRNAs play essent...

This chapter begins with a very brief history of renal pathology, discusses the role of the renal biopsy in the care of patients with kidney disease, and presents basic concepts of pathologic evaluation of kidney diseases. The emphasis in this chapter is on the pathologic evaluation of native kidney lesions in real biopsy specimens, and thus is most relevant to the medical renal diseases covere...

certain benefits are clearly associated with the use of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) as compared with the on-pump cabg. the superiority is more evident in patients with multiple co morbidities including renal failure.we reviewed the medical records of a 67-year-old male with a past medical history that was significant for multiple cardiovascular diseases and new-onset end-sta...

introduction renal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder of the lymphatic system that might be confused with various other renal cystic diseases and urinoma. clinical presentation is non-specific and characteristic findings in radiologic imaging are the mainstay of diagnosis. case presentation we reported a case of bilateral lymphangiectasia in a 32-year-old woman who presented with flank pain an...