Mitochondria and plastids have their own DNAs and are regarded as descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes. Organellar DNAs are not naked in vivo but are associated with basic proteins to form DNA-protein complexes (called organelle nuclei). The concept of organelle nuclei provides a new approach to explain the origin, division, and inheritance of organelles. Organelles divide using organelle d...

Identifying intra-locus interactions underlying heterotic variation among whole-genome hybrids is a key to understanding mechanisms of heterosis and exploiting it for crop and livestock improvement. In this study, we present the development and first use of the heterotic trait locus (HTL) mapping approach to associate specific intra-locus interactions with an overdominant heterotic mode of inhe...

Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study the evolution of contigent cooperation and ethnocentrism in the one-move game. Interactions and reproduction among computational agents are simulated on undirected and directed BarabásiAlbert (BA) networks. We first replicate the Hammond-Axelrod model of ingroup favoritism on a square lattice and then generalize this model on undirected and directed BA ne...

Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study the evolution of contigent cooperation and ethnocentrism in the one-move game. Interactions and reproduction among computational agents are simulated on undirected and directed BarabásiAlbert (BA) networks. We first replicate the Hammond-Axelrod model of ingroup favoritism on a square lattice and then generalize this model on undirected and directed BA ne...

Organophosphates are popular insecticides, but relatively little is known about their chronic effects on ecologically relevant endpoints. In this paper, we examine a life-cycle experiment with the springtail Folsomia candida, exposed via food to chlorpyrifos (CPF). The results for all endpoints (survival, growth and reproduction) were analyzed using the DEBtox model. Growth was unaffected by CP...

Copyright 2011 KIEEME. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. High Performance Current-Mode DC-DC Boost Conver...

S3 Video is a duplicate of S5 Video. Please view the correct S3 Video below. S3 Video. Longitudinal axis B-mode video of a warm-acclimated (WA) zebrafish at 28oC. article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

One hope of trying to understand why sex is so powerful and prevalent a mode of reproduction relies on the rare examples of animals that persist long-term without having sex. Now, several species of stick insects join that illustrious circle.

Genotypic variability among 96 Trichophyton rubrum strains which displayed different colony morphologies and were collected from four continents was investigated. Twelve markers representing 57 loci were analyzed by PCR fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified monomorphic DNA markers. Interestingly, none of the methods used revealed any DNA polymorphism, indi...

Using 3-Dimensional (3D) sound sources as secondary sources to 2-Dimensional (2D) sound field reproduction, it is termed 2.5-Dimensional (2.5D) sound field reproduction which is currently drawing broad interest in acoustic signal processing. In this paper we propose a method to reproduce a 2D sound field, using a circular array of 3D High Order (HO) loudspeakers, which provides a mode matching ...