“We are without allies amongst the Iraqi populace, including those who have benefited from the ouster of Saddam. . . . Across Baghdad, Latifiyah, Mahmudiyah, Salman Pak, Baqubah, Balad, Taji, Baiji, Ramadi, and just about everywhere else you can name, the people absolutely hate us. . . . The Iraqi people have not bought into what the Americans are selling, and no amount of military activity is ...

In granular matter, consisting of discrete particles, long-range interactions imply that each of the particles is interacting with all others. For many charged granular materials with Coulomb repulsion or large-scale gravitationally attractive systems, a Molecular Dynamics environment is developed. In granular systems with long-range interaction forces and dissipative collisions, both effects c...

The study of the electrical double layer lies at the heart of soft matter physics and biophysics. Here, we address the effects of the image charges on the double layer structure and forces. For electrolyte solutions between two neutral plates, we show that depletion of the salt ions by the image charge repulsion results in short-range attractive and long-range repulsive forces. If cations and a...

Our statistical thermodynamics model of solution of stiff, platelike, biaxial particles interacting solely via repulsion on contact (athermal limit) [Phys. Rev. E 62, 5011 (2000)] is extended to incorporate dispersion interactions between the particles. Dispersion forces between anisotropic particles are accounted for using the Imura-Okano approach. Numerical calculations specialized to solutio...

When anisotropic defects are aligned, the dimensions of the host crystal parallel and perpendicular to the defect axis are changed, an effect observed previously for €3 centres and V, centres in KC1. We have calculated the effect for H centres and V, centres in several crystal structures. The contribution from long-range Coulomb interactions has been obtained in all cases, with less-detailed es...

Resolving individual atoms has always been the ultimate goal of surface microscopy. The scanning tunneling microscope images atomic-scale features on surfaces, but resolving single atoms within an adsorbed molecule remains a great challenge because the tunneling current is primarily sensitive to the local electron density of states close to the Fermi level. We demonstrate imaging of molecules w...

This paper reports experimental and theoretical investigation of electrostatic attraction and repulsion of microparticles in an optoelectronic tweezers (OET). When we manipulate dielectric particles suspended in a fluid using OET, the electrostatic interactions of the polarized particles occur, limiting the effective manipulation of microparticles using a light-induced dielectrophoresis. In thi...

This paper examines particle trapping and release in confined microvortex flows, including those near a solid surface due to variations in the electrokinetic slip velocity and those at a liquid-gas interface due to an external momentum source. We derive a general analytical solution for a two-dimensional microvortex flow within a semicircular cap. We also use a bifurcation theory on the kinetic...

Direct spectroscopic evidence for hydrogen-bonded clusters of like-charged ions is reported for ionic liquids. The measured infrared O-H vibrational bands of the hydroxyethyl groups in the cations can be assigned to the dispersion-corrected DFT calculated frequencies of linear and cyclic clusters. Compensating the like-charge Coulomb repulsion, these cationic clusters can range up to cyclic tet...