Background: Respiratory diseases/syndromes are the most common causes of referring to physicians among pilgrims in Hajj . They lead to high morbidity , impose high costs on the health system and are among the major obstacles for pilgrims to perform Hajj duties. The main aim of our study was to determine types, frequencies, etiologies, and epidemiologic factors of respiratory diseases among Ir...

sulfur mustard is one of the major potent chemical warfare agents. it was widely used against not only military personnel but also civilian people ofiranduring the last years (1984–1988) of the iraq–iran war. a number of studies were performed regarding the acute and long-term consequences of sulfur mustard on respiratory system. currently, many aspects of leading respiratory disorder that was ...

the recently emerged middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in the middle east region in 2012. the virus is phylogenetically related to bat cov, but other animal species like camels and goats may potentially act as an intermediate host by spreading the virus to humans. this virus is thought to cause a severe disease in patients with underlying comorbidities. laboratory ...

respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants,and also an important factor for hospitalization during the winter months. to determine the prevalence and importance of rsv as a cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection, we carried out a prospective study during 5 months period from november to march 1998 in 6 pediatric hospitals. a n...

Simulators and models of the respiratory system range from simple mechanical devices to complex systems that include sophisticated computers. These systems have considerable utility in clinician education, guiding therapies, evaluating new devices and techniques, and in improving our understanding of the cardiorespiratory system. Simulators and models are of 3 types: signs-and-symptoms simulato...