Relatively little is known about the prevalence of manual restraint to manage violent or challenging behaviour in hospital psychiatric services or the circumstances of its use. This review identified 45 empirical studies of manual restraint of adult psychiatric inpatients, mostly from the UK. On average, up to five episodes per month of manual restraint might be expected on an average 20-bed wa...

The relationship of disinhibition and dietary restraint with body mass was studied in a sample of 293 women. Results suggested that higher body mass was associated with an interaction of disinhibition and dietary restraint. The association of disinhibition with higher body mass was moderated by increased dietary restraint. Symptoms of an eating disorder were more strongly associated with disinh...

The Supreme Court of India has used its constitutionally mandated task of interpreting the enforceable fundamental rights enumerated in Part III of the constitution to extend its own powers. This extension in my view poses a dangerous threat to the Constitutional democracy of India. I argue below that the situation not only impacts the spillover effects beyond each case, but the learned justice...

OBJECTIVE Automobile head restraints, when used properly, have been shown to decrease the incidence and severity of whiplash injuries to the neck. Before the development of a public campaign on proper head restraint positioning, the authors assessed head restraint positioning and public understanding. DESIGN Over a one month period, the position of the vehicle head restraint of drivers was ob...

Restraint stress stimulates sympathetic nerve activity and can affect adiposity and metabolism. However, the effects of restraint stress on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in metabolic syndrome (MetS) have remained unclear. We investigated the effects of chronic restraint stress and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blockade on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and metabolic disorders in a...

It is well documented that negative urgency, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act impulsively in the face of negative emotions, and dietary restraint independently increase risk to binge eat; however, it is unclear how these factors interact to alter risk for such behavior. It may be that individuals high on negative urgency, who also engage in dietary restraint, are at a grea...

PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic integrative review was to summarize the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions or programs to reduce physical restraint use in long-term care facilities. CONCLUSIONS Research findings indicate that physical restraint reduction programs which included an educational component, restraint removal, and interventions individualized to...

With the use of a restraint stress paradigm, both normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY ) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent acute (1-hour restraint in a Perspex tube), chronic (1-hour restraint for 10 consecutive days), or no-restraint (control) stress. Rats experiencing chronic restraint were previously implanted with telemetric probes to measure heart rate and blood pressure. ...

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of organizational characteristics on physical restraint use for hospitalized nursing home residents. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data obtained between 1994 to 1997 in a prospective phase lag design experiment using an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention aimed at reducing physical restraint for a group of hospitalized nursing home residents. SETTING E...