Apical dendritic retraction and axospinous synapse loss in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) are structural alterations that result from repeated restraint stress. Such changes in this brain region may be associated with impaired working memory, altered emotionality, and inability to regulate hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal activity, which in turn may underlie stress-related mental illnesses. I...

We tested the hypothesis that environmental stress is a predisposing factor for liver injury by examining the effect of acute restraint on liver injury provoked by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and allyl alcohol. Mice were immobilized using Plexiglas restraint cages, producing a form of psychogenic stress, whereas other animals were allowed to roam free. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were...

introduction: alhagi camelorum belongs to the leguminosae family is used in iranian folk medicine to treat some gastric diseases. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the alhagi camelorum aqueous extract for anti-ulcer activity in rats. methods: male wistar rats were pretreated with the a. camelorum aqueous extract (150, 300 or 450 mg/kg of b.w., p.o.) before induction of gastric ulcer ...

Perturbations in an organism's environment can induce significant shifts in hormone secretory patterns. In this context, the glucocorticoid (GC) steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex have received much attention from ecologists and behaviorists due to their role in the vertebrate stress response. Adrenal GCs, such as corticosterone (CORT), are highly responsive to instability in environmental...

Acute exposure to stress leads to activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis (PA-axis) while repeated exposure to a homotypic stressor generally results in habituation of this response. Previous studies suggested that such habituation is largely due to changes in afferents of the PA-axis. To examine where within these afferents habituation occurs, we studied the effect of acute and repeated expos...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine - 5-HT) receptors in mediation of stress-induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) secretion in male rats. DESIGN Experiments on laboratory rats with control groups. METHODS Different stress paradigms were applied after pretreatment with intracerebroventricular infusion of saline or different 5-HT antagoni...

In the present study, we have examined neurochemical correlates that may be involved in the differential cardiovascular responses observed in normotensive and hypertensive rats during stress. Using a restraint stress paradigm, both normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent acute (1 h restraint in a perspex tube), chronic (1 h restraint for ten consecuti...

Repeated stress is one of the major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, and vascular dementia. However, the functional alterations in the cerebral hemodynamic response induced by chronic stress have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the in vivo cerebral hemodynamic changes and accompanying cellular and molecular changes in chronically stressed rats. After 3 weeks...

Adaptation to a repeated restraint stress schedule was monitored in ethanol-treated and control rats. A single episode of 2 h restraint decreased food intake in both control and ethanol-treated rats. The decreases in control rats were not observed following the 5th daily restraint of 2 h/day, suggesting that adaptation has occurred. Ethanol-treated rats, however, exhibited decreased food intake...

UNLABELLED Accumulated evidence has shown that renin-angiotensin system has a pivotal role in stress responses. AIM to assess the participation of AT1 receptor in stress-induced modulation of motor activity, nociception and seizure susceptibility in male Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS AT1 receptor antagonist losartan was administered subcutaneously to rats for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/...