This paper intends to present an approach the problem of optimal cross-section topology a retaining wall. We use Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method solve this problem. An isotropic solid is divided into n quadrilateral finite elements, and each such element e associated design variable xe which might be regarded as material density. The notion virtual Young's modulus intro...

For economic and policy analyses requiring a summary health outcome measure that integrates quantity-of-life and quality-oflife impacts, the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) has been widely recognized and endorsed [1–3]. The US Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine recommended the QALY for “reference case” analyses [2]. The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ...

Structures placed on hillsides often present a number of challenges and a limited number of economical choices for site design. An option sometimes employed is to use the building frame as a retaining element, comprising a Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structure (RFERS). The relationship between temperature and earth pressure acting on RFERS, is explored in this monograph through a 4.5 year mo...

todays, decision makers in the organization need toconstantly monitor changes in the environment and organization andmake necessary changes. therefore knowledge about the environmentand organization is necessary in decision making. knowledgemanagement is a key factor for competitive business environment andorganizations are investing heavily in creating centralized knowledgerepositories to impr...

A reliable dynamic simulator (based on a sound process model) is highly desirable for optimizing the performance of individual membrane modules and of entire desalination plants. This paper reports on progress toward development of a comprehensive model of the complicated physical-chemical processes occurring in spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules, that accounts for the...

Over the next couple of years, NIH will be revising its process of reviewing grant applications. The planned changes will make the NIH system more similar in some ways to those of European funding agencies, while retaining many unique features.

An air-stable catalyst system Ir-(P-Phos) catalyst was found to be highly effective in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoline derivatives. The catalyst immobilized in DMPEG was efficiently recovered and reused eight times, retaining reactivity and enantioselectivity.

In both these cases the nature of the foreign body in the palate defied diagnosis by either the parents or clinicians. Although this led to considerable delay in presentation, removal was simple and the palate left unscathed. The risks of dislodgement and aspiration of the plastic screwhead cap into the tracheobronchial tree, however, rendered this a potentially serious condition. Because screw...