Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) structural proteins requires the presence of the viral trans-activator protein Rev. Rev is localized in the nucleus and binds specifically to the Rev response element (RRE) sequence in viral RNA. Furthermore, the interaction of the Rev activation domain with a cellular cofactor is essential for Rev function in vivo. Using cross-linking e...

The nuclear receptor, REV-ERBα, has a key role in circadian rhythms and requires heme as its ligand. The present study determined whether the heme precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), affects REV-ERBα and its target genes. When exposed to ALA, the human lung diploid cell line, WI-38, exhibited activation of REV-ERBα and repression of the transcription of REV-ERBα target genes, including BMAL...

Chronically human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain IIIB-infected human TH4-7-5 astrocytoma cells show low-level virus production. Cocultivation of TH4-7-5 cells with myelomonocytic cells led to active virus production in these target cells after a lag period, indicating cell-determined restriction of virus replication in the glial cells. HIV-1 transcript patterns of TH4-7-5 cells co...

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory protein, Rev, mediates the nuclear export of unspliced and singly spliced viral mRNAs by bridging viral RNA and export receptor human CRM1 (hCRM1). Ribonucleoprotein complex formation, including the oligomerization of Rev proteins on viral RNA, must occur to allow export. We show here that Rev-Rev interactions, which are a basis of comp...

The expression of the v-rel oncogene of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) transforms and immortalizes very immature avian lymphoid cells. In REV-T-transformed lymphoid cells which were persistently infected with reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus (REV-A), the REV-T proviral copy number increases after the initial integration event. In 23 independently derived REV-T-transformed cell ...

We have documented the effect of two nondefective helper viruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus A (REV-A) and chick syncytial virus (CSV) infection on bursal tissue. REV-A infection results in bursal atrophy, destroying both its structural and functional integrity. In contrast, the bursae in CSV-infected chicks, while reduced slightly in size, appear both structurally and functionally normal. REV...

The aim of this study was to prepare liposomes of acyclovir (ACY) by thin layer evaporation (TLE) and reverse phase evaporation (REV) methods. Twenty-seven batches of liposomes from each method were prepared using technique of three variables at three levels (33) factorial design. Drug/Lipid (molar ratio), hydration volume and hydration time were considered three independent variables in TLE me...

The HIV-1 Rev protein regulates viral gene expression by enhancing the export of partially spliced or nonspliced viral transcripts to the cytoplasm. This activity is mediated by the interaction of Rev with a highly structured viral RNA sequence, the Rev response element (RRE). In this paper, Rev regulation has been recapitulated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The data show that Rev enha...

Human immunodeficiency virus Rev facilitates the cytoplasmic accumulation of viral RNAs that contain a Rev binding site. A human Rev-interacting protein (hRIP) was originally identified based on its ability to interact with the Rev nuclear export signal (NES) in yeast two-hybrid assays. To date, however, the function of hRIP and a role for hRIP in Rev-directed RNA export have remained elusive. ...