We review research on revenue models used by online firms who offer digital goods. Such goods are nonrival, have near zero marginal cost of production and distribution, low marginal cost of consumer search and low transaction costs. Additionally, firms can easily observe and measure consumer behavior. We start by asking what consumers can offer in exchange for digital goods. We suggest that con...

in this paper, we examine influence oil shocks on macroeconomic variables and dutch disease phenomena when these variables encountered positive oil revenue shocks. statistical model which is copula approach is used to show when iran's macroeconomic variables encountered positive oil revenue casus dutch disease and oil revenue has non-symmetric influence on the growth economic. in another w...

This paper outlines how the theory of contests is applied to professional team sports leagues. In the first part, we present the traditional Tullock contest and explain some basic properties of the equilibrium. We will then extend this static contest to a two-period model in order to analyze dynamic aspects of contests. In the second part, we will present applications of contest theory in sport...

Although fiscal policies of central governments sometimes provide modest insurance against regional income shocks, this paper shows that procyclical fiscal policy among provincial governments can easily overwhelm these stabilizing effects. We examine the cyclicality of budget items among provincial governments in seven federations, showing that own-source taxes are generally highly procyclical,...

The paper establishes a supply chain coordinating model based on single 4PL-multy 3PL. Considering goods loss and damage, it comes to the conclusion that the fixed revenue-sharing contract couldn't be coordination when the yields was relative to the efforts of 3PL and 4PL. In order to get the coordination, we first model a fixed revenue-sharing contract based on side payment using L-F model and...

For public transit operators in the U.S., neither fare increases nor fare reductions have been successful in boosting revenues. A different kind of strategy is needed, one that can produce more revenue for transit operators than it costs. This article argues that deep discount group pass (DDGP) programs can accomplish this goal. DDGP programs provide groups of people with unlimited-ride transit...

A problematic feature of the existing empirical literature on the relationship between revenue decentralization (RD) and inflation is the use of inaccurate measures for RD. Using a newly constructed measure for RD that accounts for over-time changes in subnational tax autonomy, this paper finds that RD leads to lower inflation.

Not all marketplace issues (for example, sales channels) strongly affect software project planning and decision-making, but the decisions we discuss here do. Rather than discuss contracted software development for specific customers or open-source software efforts, we'll emphasize the uncertainties and strategic issues that suppliers encounter in selling or licensing software in the general mar...

INTRODUCTION In 2006, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) issued a recommendation that medical schools increase the supply of physicians by 30% to meet the patient needs of the new millennium. OBJECTIVE To provide financial analysis of the cost of increasing class size. METHODS To determine the financial consequences of increasing medical student enrollment and in the absenc...

Municipalities in New England are facing long-term structural fiscal imbalances. Various reports have documented that cities and towns have had a hard time raising sufficient local revenue to meet increasing demands for spending, and some communities are experiencing greater distress than others. To address such issues, states often use local aid—a mechanism by which funds are collected statewi...