The Comments and Addenda section is for short communications which are not of such urgency as to justify publication in Physical Review Letters and are not appropriate for regular Articles. It includes only the following types of communications: (I) comments on papers previously published in The Physical Review or Physical Review Letters; (2) addenda to papers previously puMished in The Physica...

Public health interventions usually operate at the level of groups rather than individuals, and cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are one means of evaluating their effectiveness. Using examples from six such trials in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Nepal, we discuss our experience of the ethical issues that arise in their conduct. We set cluster RCTs in the broader context of public he...

The main aim of the journal is to publish high quality, peer-reviewed papers that relate to all branches of surgery. The Annals also includes letters, comments, a regular technical section, the best trainee presentations from around the UK, book reviews and a surgical website review forum. The Annals editorial committee is composed of members of the College Council, trainees and experts from ac...

OBJECTIVE To describe the pain decrease considered as clinically relevant when designing a trial and reporting its results. METHODS A systematic review of the literature in MEDLINE was conducted to select randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with pain as a primary outcome. Data extracted included the definition (terms and values) of a clinically relevant difference in pain, the type of pain st...

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Jianxin Zhong,1,2,3 R. B. Diener,1 Daniel A. Steck,1 Windell H. Oskay,1 Mark G. Raizen,1 E. Ward Plummer,2,4 Zhenyu Zhang,2,4 and Qian Niu1,2 1Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 2Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 3Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China 4Department of Physics, University...

The work of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination is described in the historical context of its creation and of its evolution. The initial mandate of the task force is presented and the methodology it created to examine scientific information and formulate practice recommendations is reviewed. The complexity of the implementation of practice guidelines in preventive care is...

Open discussion and participation of the scientific community are vital to the evolution of Peerage of Science and, therefore, the letter in TREE by Hettyey et al. [1] is much appreciated. Here, we reply to the three conceptual concerns that they raise. Other responses and open discussion can be found on the Peerage of Science blog (http:// the Board itself is accountable to the community of Pe...

We recently co-published an editorial stating that we and our sister journals would not publish tobacco-funded research. There have been a number of responses. 3 Richard Smith challenged us to explain why the same ban was not applied to Pharma-funded studies, given the degree of turpitude frequently clinging to that industry. The answer is that, whereas at least some of the actions of big Pharm...