The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The ancient Iranian medicine was combined by different medical traditions from Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China and Greece for more than 4000 years and merged to form what became the nucleus and foundation of medical practice in the European countries in the 13th century. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur ...

BY THE year A.D. 1213 Christianity was victorious across Europe; only a few isolated pockets of paganism in remote districts of Sweden, Finland, and Moslem Spain held out against what must have seemed to be the inevitable influence of the Church. Nordic expansion was in eclipse. The age of the Vikings was at an end. The marauders who had loosed such fury on the continent to the south, had, in t...

Enuresis is a pathologic and bothersome condition, which occurs frequently during childhood (1). Despite the numerous studies that have been conducted to clarify the cause of enuresis, only some of the risk factors for the disease have been found, because “enuresis” is a multifactorial disorder (2). Continence is the result of intact function of bladder to reserve urine during reservation phase...

thereby demonstrating a well-educated, informed, probing, and critical mind. He was familiar with various Berber dialects, as well as Celtic-Iberian nomenclatures and, through Ibn Juljul, Latin. He cited a number of unknown sources including one, simply, as "a Byzantine". In his introduction he said that he had studied pharmacy in the city of Marrakesh where, through his teacher, he became fami...

the practice and study of medicine in persia has a long and prolific history. the ancient iranian medicine was combined by different medical traditions from mesopotamia, egypt, india, china and greece for more than 4000 years and merged to form what became the nucleus and foundation of medical practice in the european countries in the 13th century. the iranian academic centers like jundishapur ...

background: iran is a land of great heritage of ancient medical scholars. herbal medicines, as a basement of treatment of diseases have been clearly described in the medical texts of these scholars including rhazes, avicenna, and others. numerous plants are introduced in these texts to treat those diseases likely to be infective ones. few attempts have been made to evaluate ethnopharmacological...

our knowledge of the history of physiology, of scientific methodology, and of the early history of biochemistry. His book, which is attractively written and documented very fully and accurately, can be highly recommended, and will be especially important to all historians of medicine and biology who are concerned with nineteenth-century science. There are twelve source-books in this excellent s...

THE history of the practice of medicine in Persia has been widely studied. Everybody knows at least by name the great clinicians Avicenna, Rhazes, and Haly Abbas. Even a few who lived after the Mongol Invasion are not unknown. The story of surgery in these regions is also better known now than it was thanks to a magnificent reproduction with miniatures in colour of Sharaf-ul-Din's translation o...

Low back pain and sciatica have been considered as the common morbidities of human kind throughout the history. The explanation of the etiology has been changed during the centuries and still remains a dilemma. Reviewing ancient theories may lead to novel findings about the etiology and its better treatments. First writings about sciatica: among available iranian traditional medicine (ITM) book...