THE INTRODUCTION of low direct tracheo-bronchoscopy is associated with the name of Professor Przemyslaw Pieniazek, founder of the Larynological Clinic in Cracow University, the first ear, nose, and throat clinic in Poland. Born in Warsaw on 20 November 1850, he was a medical student at the Jagellonian University in Cracow, where he graduated in 1874. Then he continued his postgraduate studies a...

It is known that during an embryogenesis form a well-defined for each type of organism the number of cell types, each of which has its own specific morphophysiological characteristics. Some cells operate only at certain stages of embryonic development and then disappear as a result of apoptotic death, while others are unique for adult organism. However, in researching of granulomas formed in so...

Corynebacterium parvum (CP), a kind of immunomodulator, has been well documented in immunotherapy to tumor. However, severe side effects, such as intrahepatic granulomas and scleromas in injected areas, restrict its clinical application. To minimize side effects of CP, a non-cell Corynebacterium parvum product (NCPP) was prepared by disposing CP with Nanotechnology. In present study, we compare...

I was born under the Austrian monarchy, on October 23, 1837, in the town of Kaposvar in the province of Hungary, youngest but one of a very poor Jewish family. I grew up with the loving support of my parents, who encouraged me throughout my schooling and studies. In 1856, I passed my doctorate in medicine at the University of Vienna, which was then among the greatest institutions of learning in...

The Incidence of laryngotracheal stenosis is increasing nowadays due to increasing incidence of prolonged endotracheal intubations with increasing incidence of polytrauma, neurovascular accidents, and complex surgical procedures with subsequent intensive care units admission, intubation with or without ventilation. Improvement in the protocols of intensive care increased the numbers of patients...

BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death from cancer in China. Gefitinib is effective for patients with positive epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation; however, acquired drug resistance counteracts the duration response. Hyperthermia is widely clinically applied in the treatment of solid tumors. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibilit...

THE appearance of the eighth edition, the first having appeared in 1937 and three editions having been reprinted, is a sign of the popularity of this text book designed for students and general practitioners. The general plan is the same as in previous editions. Each section is introduced by a short resume of the anatomy and physiology of the region. Minor alterations have been made to bring it...

Each issue of the American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy presents cutting edge basic and clinical research within the fields of allergy and rhinologic diseases. The current issue is no exception, with a diverse array of innovative studies from a worldwide collection of contributors. Readers will find basic and translational studies that explore the immunologic basis of allergic rhinitis (AR)...