The Tax transactivator of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is capable of inducing expression of the human immediate-early TR3/nur77 gene. Deletion and mutation analyses of the TR3/nur77 promoter demonstrated that multiple transcription elements in the 121 bp sequence proximal to the transcription start site are required for full Tax transactivation. Mutations of CArG-like, Ets and RCE...

Animal colour signals used in intraspecies communications can generally be attributed to a composite effect of structural and pigmentary colours. Notably, the functional role of iridescent coloration that is 'purely' structural (i.e., absence of pigments) is poorly understood. Recent studies reveal that iridescent colorations can reliably indicate individual quality, but evidence of iridescence...

Animals use aggressive behaviour to gain access to resources, and individuals adjust their behaviour relative to resource value and own resource holding potential (RHP). Normally, smaller individuals have inferior fighting abilities compared with larger conspecifics. Affective and cognitive processes can alter contest dynamics, but the interaction between such effects and that of differing RHPs...

In addition to a fast activating and immediately inactivating inward sodium current, many types of excitable cells possess a noninactivating or slowly inactivating component: the persistent sodium current (I(NaP)). The I(NaP) is found in normal primary sensory neurons where it is mediated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is the gateway for ectopic impuls...

The present study was designed (1) to clarify the relationship between the flow experience and improvements in visuomotor skills, (2) to examine the effects of rotating the axis of a computer mouse on visuomotor skills, and (3) to investigate the effects of sleep for improving visuomotor skills. Participants (N = 18) responded to Perturbation and nap (PER+Nap), No-perturbation and nap (NoPER+Na...

In the present paper we analyze construction of fundamental analytic solutions (FAS) for generalized Kulish-Sklyanin models (KSM) vanishing (VBC) and constant boundary conditions (CBC). Using FAS one can reduce direct inverse scattering problems Lax operator to a Riemann-Hilbert problem (RHP). For VBC find two $\chi^+(x,t,\lambda) $ $\chi^-(x,t,\lambda) in upper/lower $\mathbb{C}_\pm$ complex $...

NAP is an octapeptide that has demonstrated a neuroprotective/therapeutic efficacy at very low concentrations in preclinical studies and in a number of clinical trials. Yet little is known about its structural organization at low concentrations. Here, we have employed atomic force microscopy to investigate NAP peptide assembly on graphite in aqueous media at nanomolar concentration. High spatia...

NAP is an octapeptide that has demonstrated a neuroprotective/therapeutic efficacy at very low concentrations in preclinical studies and in a number of clinical trials. Yet little is known about its structural organization at low concentrations. Here, we have employed atomic force microscopy to investigate NAP peptide assembly on graphite in aqueous media at nanomolar concentration. High spatia...

The type IIa Na+-P(i) cotransporter (NaP(i)-IIa) and the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) colocalize in the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells. Both proteins interact in vitro. Herein the interaction between NaP(i)-IIa and NHERF1 is further documented on the basis of coimmunoprecipitation and co-pull-down assays. NaP(i)-IIa is endocytosed and degraded in lysosomes upon parat...

Airborne emissions from hot asphalt contain mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including several carcinogens. We investigated urinary biomarkers of three PAHs, namely naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr) in 20 road-paving workers exposed to hot asphalt and in 6 road milling workers who were not using hot asphalt (reference group). Our analysis included basel...