Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a member of the DExH box family of proteins. RIG-I acts as a sensor of viral infections through the recognition of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Recently, it was demonstrated that polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid [poly(I):poly(C)], a synthetic dsRNA analogue, induced the expression of RIG-I in various cell types, such as vascular endothelial ce...

The Ras superfamily consists of a large group of monomeric GTPases demonstrating homology to Ras oncoproteins. Although structurally similar, Ras-superfamily proteins are functionally diverse. Whereas some members exhibit oncogenic properties, others may serve as tumor suppressors. We have identified a novel Ras-related protein that suppresses cell growth and have designated it Rig (Ras-related...

RIG-I and MDA5 sense cytoplasmic viral RNA and set-off a signal transduction cascade, leading to antiviral innate immune response. The third RIG-I-like receptor, LGP2, differentially regulates RIG-I- and MDA5-dependent RNA sensing in an unknown manner. All three receptors possess a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD), which in the case of RIG-I senses the viral pattern 5'-triphosphate RNA and act...

The cytoplasmic helicase RIG-I is an established sensor for viral 5'-triphosphorylated RNA species. Recently, RIG-I was also implicated in the detection of intracellular bacteria. However, little is known about the host cell specificity of this process and the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates RIG-I. Here we show that RNA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhim...

This paper reviews the design and validation of a novel bearing test rig developed at the KU Leuven. The test rig allows multi-axial static and dynamic loading of a rolling element bearing. Different types and sizes of bearings can be mounted and loaded as if built into a real machine. The test rig will be used to analyse the effect of external dynamic loads on the lifetime of these bearings. T...

The role of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we showed that RIG-I inhibits FMDV replication in host cells. FMDV infection increased the transcription of RIG-I, while it decreased RIG-I protein expression. A detailed analysis revealed that FMDV leader proteinase (Lpro), as well as 3C proteinase (3Cpro) and 2B prot...

Thomas Sterns Eliot, the Nobel Laureate of 1948 ‘for his work as a trail-blazing pioneer of modern poetry’, is perhaps the only modern English poet who has brought his vast learning to bear on his poetry. Various fields of study marks his successful culmination of a long time campaign towards the book of modern manas we may call his literary works. Throughout the poet’s life-long spiritual ques...

RIG-I is a critical RNA virus sensor that serves to initiate antiviral innate immunity. However, posttranslational regulation of RIG-I signaling remains to be fully understood. We report here that RNA viruses, but not DNA viruses or bacteria, specifically upregulate lectin family member Siglecg expression in macrophages by RIG-I- or NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Siglec-G-induced recruitment of SH...

In this paper we offer a solution to the long-standing problem of group completing within the context of rig categories (also known as bimonoidal categories). More precisely, given a rig category R we construct a natural additive group completion R̄ of R that retains the multiplicative structure, meaning that it remains a rig category. In other words, it has become a ring category. If we start w...

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) is an archetypal member of the cytoplasmic DEAD-box dsRNA helicase family (RIG-I-like receptors or RLRs), the members of which play essential roles in the innate immune response of the metazoan cell. RIG-I functions as a pattern recognition receptor that detects nonself RNA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the exact molecular nat...