These data are internally consistent and lead to several conclusions, as follows: Elevated levels of psychiatric symptoms were found among IDUs in methadone treatment as compared to their counterparts who were out of treatment. IVDUs who entered treatment had higher symptom levels than those who did not enter treatment. Higher symptom levels were found among injectors than noninjectors, and nee...

The article by Bastos et al 1 (2008), published in the Re-vista de Saúde Pública, forms an important contribution towards studies on the use of psychoactive substances and their relationship with behavior leading to risks to sexual and reproductive health. As the authors emphasize in their introduction, there are many health problems relating to the use of alcohol and other substances, which ma...

Recent breakthroughs in the treatment of HIV have coincided both with a dramatic reduction in HIV mortality, and with a disturbing increase in HIV infection rates. These apparently contradictory trends may be causally related, if treatment improves the health and functional status of HIV+ individuals and allows them to engage in more sexual risk-taking. Using state-level health insurance as an ...

TRAVELERS’ ROUTE CHOICE BEHAVIOR IN RISKY NETWORKS SEPTEMBER 2013 HENGLIANG TIAN B.S., BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Song Gao The accurate modeling of travelers’ route choice decision making when faced with unreliable (risky) travel times is necessary for the assessme...

The history of humankind is an epic of cooperation, which is ubiquitous across societies and increasing in scale. Much human cooperation occurs where it is risky to cooperate for mutual benefit because successful cooperation depends on a sufficient level of cooperation by others. Here we show that arginine vasopressin (AVP), a neuropeptide that mediates complex mammalian social behaviors such a...

Predicting risk profiles of individuals in networks (e.g. susceptibility to a particular disease, or likelihood of smoking) is challenging for a variety of reasons. For one, ‘local’ features (such as an individual’s demographic information) may lack sufficient information to make informative predictions; this is especially problematic when predicting ‘risk,’ as the relevant features may be prec...

Risky behaviors increase the likelihood of premature death, long-term disability, and poor mental health outcomes. Most current measures of risky behavior only assess behaviors within a single domain, fail to evaluate affective triggers for engaging in these behaviors, do not index the consequences of these behaviors, and are often limited to a narrow developmental period. The present study dev...