Have you traced a digital representation of a road with so many switchbacks that you questioned the map accuracy? Have you asked an Internet utility to provide a travel route and found the result unintuitive? In each case, flaws in the road network representation may be to blame. Road switchbacks can result from digitization errors such as kinks and kickbacks. Route planning can be defeated by ...

In this article a new procedure that was designed to extract road centerline from high resolution satellite images, is presented. The results (road Networks) are fully structured in vector formed in Computer Aided Design (CAD) based system that could be used in Geographical Information System (GIS) with minimum edit. The designed procedure is the combination of image processing algorithms and e...

The present paper introduces a new algorithm for the elimination of arcs in road maps. The algorithm is based on information theory. A case study illustrates how the algorithm works. The perceptual properties of the map reader and the resolution of the display unit are brought into the algorithm by a similarity function.

Cancer immunotherapy and in particular monoclonal antibodies blocking the inhibitory programed cell death 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have made a significant impact on the treatment of cancer patients in recent years. However, despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of these agents in a number of malignancies, it has become clear that they are not sufficiently active for many patients. Initial evid...