Long-term measurements of ecological effects of warming are often not statistically significant because of annual variability or signal noise. These are reduced in indicators that filter or reduce the noise around the signal and allow effects of climate warming to emerge. In this way, certain indicators act as medium pass filters integrating the signal over years-to-decades. In the Alaskan Arct...

The great Pacific groups of atolls are such archipelagoes as the Tuamotus, Carolines, Marshalls, Gilberts, the Phoenix-Ellice group, and those scattered clusters and individual islands collectively termed the Pacific Equatorial or Line Islands. The observations forming the basis of this paper were made on visits to all these groups, except the Phoenix-Ellice and Gilberts, as well as to the Aust...

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. Data processing errors have resulted in misleading conclusions. The scientific community in King Saud University has serious concerns regarding the results and the article will be res...

The indoor and outdoor particulate concentration and its chemical composition in six monitoring stations and selected residential dwellings were studied in May 2010 in Kathmandu valley. The six stations were strategically located to measure the air quality of the valley viz. -urban roadside, urban hospital, urban residential, urban background and valley background. Particulate concentration was...

Roadside units in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are essential for acting as base stations that facilitate information spreading to vehicular users in the roads. Typically, vehicular nodes search for an infrastructure within their vicinity to fulfill the requested services such as internet accessing or content file handling. Due to the essentiality of the presence of roadsides as well as the high co...

Turfgrass is often planted along roadsides because of its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand biotic abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold-weather climates, snow ice practices on roads include the use deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative impacts infrastructure envir...

today, vehicular ad-hoc network between automobiles has been accepted by the public, and many people are interested in exchanging information with other vehicles as well as with roadside equipment while driving. when a number of vehicles want to access to the data stored in rsu ,the priority of servicing comes into face .in this case, some  methods, such as d*s, d*s/n,  have been presented so f...