• We review the literature on role of rural–urban linkages in social and economic development. Size accessibility an urban center affect prospects well-being within it for proximate rural areas. New global spatial datasets can inform more geographically nuanced policies. Different ways conceptualizing research avenues are presented. A broad range fields considered, including governance, regiona...

Abstract The spatiotemporal analysis of land use/land cover change and monitoring, modeling, forecasting the future uses are considered challenges facing planners decision-makers in developing countries. These increased neighborhood areas surrounding large cities, which known as “rural–urban continuum”. have become preferred for resettlement most urban residents. objectives present study were t...

Urban and rural areas differ in economic, social and environmental terms. Due to the diverging dynamics in urban and rural areas, the social and economic distance between them might increase in the future even more. Rural entrepreneurs with linkages to urban areas are able to bridge the rural–urban divide by accessing some of the urban features, such as knowledge and markets, while at the same ...

Reducing inequalities is a priority from a human rights perspective and in water and public health initiatives. There are periodic calls for differential national and global standards for rural and urban areas, often justified by the suggestion that, for a given water source type, safety is worse in urban areas. For instance, initially proposed post-2015 water targets included classifying urban...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of the 340,000 HIV-positive children in South Africa live in rural areas, yet there is little sub-Saharan data comparing rural paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme outcomes with urban facilities. We compared clinical, immunological and virological outcomes between children at seven rural and 37 urban facilities across four provinces in South Africa. ...

China's current official official household survey has failed to effectively cover the rural-to-urban migrants, which overstates the income of urban residents and understates the income of rural residents, and then overstates the urban-rural income gap in China. Our survey shows that the urban household survey basically neither cover the migrant households (missing households), nor the migrant ...

BACKGROUND Whooping cough is a communicable disease whose incidence has increased in recent years in some countries with vaccination. Since 1981, in Catalonia (Spain), cases must be reported to the Public Health Department. In 1997, surveillance changed from aggregated counts to individual report and the surveillance system was improved after 2002. Catalan public health is universal with equal ...

With Chinese economic rapidly development, urban and rural difference are also increasing, no matter in living standards, living conditions or spiritual life pursuit, cultural quality, all have obvious differences. It also causes urban and rural sports to have bigger differences in development process. The paper researches on Chinese urban and rural sports development basic status, makes concre...

The paper explores the impact of rural-to-urban migration on the social mobility of individuals, comparing rural-to-urban migrants with rural and urban natives. Using life history data from the 1983 Korean National Migration Survey, the authors examined the pattern of migrant adjustment by estimating the 1st difference form of the autoregressive equation. They found a disruptive effect of...

BACKGROUND The influence of rural-urban disparities in children's health on neonatal death in disadvantaged areas of China is poorly understood. In this study of rural and urban populations in Gansu province, a disadvantaged province of China, we describe the characteristics and mortality of newborn infants and evaluated rural-urban differences of neonatal death. METHODS We analyzed all neona...