By means of the ultrafast X-ray tomography facility, data were obtained at different superficial gas velocities UG in a bubble column (0.1 m in ID) operated with an air-deionized water system at ambient conditions. Raw reconstructed images were treated by both the information entropy (IE) and the reconstruction entropy (RE) algorithms in order to identify the main transition velocities in a bub...

In a recent paper appearing in this journal, Coutsikos et al. [1] presented a group contribution method for estimating vapor pressures of organic solids. The estimation required the compound’s molar entropy of fusion, fusSm, which was also calculated by a group contribution method developed by the authors. The proposed method gave satisfactory vapor pressure predictions for many organic compoun...

BACKGROUND For patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) or under monitored anesthetic care (MAC), the precise monitoring of sedation depth facilitates the optimization of dosage and prevents adverse complications from underor over-sedation. For this purpose, conventional subjective sedation scales, such as the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) or the Ramsay scale, have been w...

If the given problem instance is partially solved, we want to minimize our effort to solve the problem using that information. In this paper we introduce the measure of entropy, H(S), for uncertainty in partially solved input data S(X) = (X1, ..., Xk), where X is the entire data set, and each Xi is already solved. We propose a generic algorithm that merges Xi’s repeatedly, and finishes when k b...

The entropy of a dynamical system S' on a hyperbolic attractor with respect to the Bowen-Ruelle-Sina) measure is obtained as a limit of entropy characteristics of small random perturbations x' of S'. Both the case of perturbations only in some neighborhood of an attractor and global perturbations of a flow with hyperbolic attracting sets are considered.

While it is generally agreed that neurons transmit information about their synaptic inputs through spike trains, the code by which this information is transmitted is not well understood. An upper bound on the information encoded is obtained by hypothesizing that the precise timing of each spike conveys information. Here we develop a general approach to quantifying the information carried by spi...

In earlier work we presented a foundation for the Second Law of Classical Thermodynamics in terms of the Entropy Principle. More precisely, we provided an empirically accessible axiomatic derivation of an entropy function defined on all equilibrium states of all systems that has the appropriate additivity and scaling properties and whose increase is a necessary and sufficient condition for an a...

In earlier work, we presented a foundation for the second law of classical thermodynamics in terms of the entropy principle. More precisely, we provided an empirically accessible axiomatic derivation of an entropy function defined on all equilibrium states of all systems that has the appropriate additivity and scaling properties, and whose increase is a necessary and sufficient condition for an...

a 1993 result of j. llibre, and m. misiurewicz, (theorem a [5]), states that if a continuous map f of a graph into itself has an s-horseshoe, then the topological entropy of f is greater than or equal to logs, that is h( f ) ? logs. also a 1980 result of l.s. block, j. guckenheimer, m. misiurewicz and l.s. young (lemma 1.5 [3]) states that if g is an a-graph of f then h(g) ? h( f ). in this pap...

We propose a new definition of entropy of basic probability assignments (BPA) in the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory of belief functions, which is interpreted as a measure of total uncertainty in the BPA. We state a list of five desired properties of entropy for D-S belief functions theory that are motivated by Shannon’s definition of entropy of probability functions, together with the implicit re...