Caudal regression syndrome is a rare congenital malformation with varying degrees of early gestational developmental failure. It is also known as sacral agenesis or caudal dysplasia. The cause of this malformation is thought to be defects in neuralization around the 28th day of the gestational period. Although maternal uncontrolled diabetes, genetic predisposition and vascular hypoperfusion are...

  Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is absence of pulmonary parenchyma as well as its bold vessels. It is an unusual cause of respiratory distress in newborn. Unilateral agenesis of lung is often associated with other congenital anomalies. The condition may lead to diagnostic difficulties.   Right pulmonary agenesis has poor prognosis. Here we present a case of fem...

Congenital agenesis of lumbar vertebrae was diagnosed in a day-old female lamb based on radiology and clinical examinations. There was no neurological deficit in hindlimb and forelimb associated with standing disability. Radiography of the abdominal region revealed absence of lumbar vertebrae. Necropsy confirmed clinical and radiographic results. No other anomaly or agenesis was seen macroscopi...

background the caudal approach to the epidural space has been used for decades to treat low back pain caused by lumbosacral root compression. the use of fluoroscopy during epidural steroid injection is the preferred method for placing the needle more accurately in the sacral hiatus, but it carries the risk of radiation hazard. objectives the aim of the study was to assess the anatomical structu...

background: sacral pit is a shallow or deep dimple in the lower sacral region, with a reported prevalence of 3-5% among newborns. the aim of the present study was to investigate spinal cord abnormalities in newborns with sacral pit via ultrasound examinations. methods: in this descriptive study, 3071 infants born at 34-42 weeks of gestation were studied in hospitals affiliated to islamic azad u...

Background: Sacral pit is a shallow or deep dimple in the lower sacral region, with a reported prevalence of 3-5% among newborns. The aim of the present study was to investigate spinal cord abnormalities in newborns with sacral pit via ultrasound examinations. Methods: In this descriptive study, 3071 infants born at 34-42 weeks of gestation were studied in hospitals affiliated to Islamic Azad U...

A case of congenital ectopic scrotum in neonatal period is described. The ectopic scrotum was located in the right inguinal area and the left hemiscrotum was found in normal location and each hemi-scrotum contained their testis. The neonate also had imperforate anus as low anorectal malformation with spinal abnormalities (hemi-sacrum and hemi-pelvis), right knee flexion contracture and right cl...