Safety case development is not a post-development activity, rather it should occur throughout the system development lifecycle. The key components in a safety case are safety arguments. Too often, safety arguments are constructed without proper reasoning. Inappropriate reasoning in safety arguments could undermine a system’s safety claims, which in turn contributes to safety-related failures of...

BACKGROUND Aspiration pneumonia is a leading cause of death in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite this, the mechanisms underlying dysphagia in this population are unclear. To date, researchers have not investigated the effects of varying cognitive demand on objective measures of swallowing safety. This study assessed whether swallowing safety could be disrupted by increasing cogniti...

Ernest Sosa has argued that if someone knows that p, then his belief that p is “safe,” and Timothy Williamson has agreed. In this paper I argue that safety, as defined by Sosa, is not a necessary condition on knowledge—that we can have unsafe knowledge. In the next section I present Sosa’s definition of safety, and in section III I present a counterexample to it as a necessary condition on know...

In this study a loglinear model has been investigated to evaluate the role of various factors in coal mine injuries. Data on the varieties namely age, safety performance, working condition, safety environment, management and supervision, emotional stability, job involvement, job satisfaction, and job stress have been collected through questionnaire survey. The associations of the risk factors w...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the "Bike Smart" program, an eHealth software program that teaches bicycle safety behaviors to young children. METHODS Participants were 206 elementary students in grades kindergarten to 3. A random control design was employed to evaluate the program, with students assigned to either the treatment condition (Bike Smart) or the control condit...

Background: Today, the growth of major industries depends on their appropriate interaction with small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In Iran, SMEs have 49 or fewer employees. The present study was an attempt to present an overall view of the condition of professional health and safety in such industries in order to gain information regarding activities related to occupational health and safety....

For any software system upon which lives depend, the most important question one can ask about it is, ‘How do we know the system is safe?’ Despite the critical importance of this question, no widely accepted, generally applicable answer exists. Instead, debate continues to rage over the question, with theorists and practitioners quarrelling with each other and amongst themselves. This paper sug...