The formation of an anisotropic landscape is influenced by natural and/or human 2 processes, which can then be inferred on the basis of geometric indices. In this 3 study, two minimal bounding rectangles in consideration of the principles of 4 mechanics (i.e. minimal width bounding (MWB) box and moment bounding 5 (MB) box) were introduced. Based on these boxes, four novel shape indices, 6 namel...

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. A large area suffers from soil erosion, which in turn, reduces productivity. Methods such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation are widely used for the estimation of soil erosion from catchment areas. The paper deals with the estimation of soil erosion using Universal Soil Loss ...

This paper reports the procedure for preparing engineering soil and drainage strip maps of proposed highways from aerial photographs. These maps are prepared from uncorrected aerial photographs at a scale of approximately three inches to the mile. An approximate scale is used, since ground control in conjunction with rectified airphotos would greatly increase the cost of preparing the strip map...

In a previous study, we have shown that spectroscopic models based on visible and nearinfrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy (350–2500 nm) predicts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical rainforest soils with reasonable accuracy. In this study, we used these models to develop soil maps of PAHs and total toxicity equivalent soil concentrations (TTEC) of the PAH mixture. We used the soil ma...

abstract soil invertebrate and their spatial pattern are affected strongly by environmental factors. spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most important reasons of the macrofauna variability. this study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of soil properties and soil macrofauna biomass in the riparian forest landscape of karkhe river. soil macro fauna were sample...

Wheat grain protein content (GPC) is a key component when evaluating wheat nutrition. It is also important to determine wheat GPC before harvest for agricultural and food process enterprises in order to optimize the wheat grading process. Wheat GPC across a field is spatially variable due to the inherent variability of soil properties and position in the landscape. The objectives of this field ...

The paper introduces a method of digital mapping of spatial distribution of soil typological units. It implements fuzzy k-means to classify the soil profile data (study area from the Považský Inovec Mountains, Slovakia) and regression-kriging with the selected digital terrain and remote sensing data to draw membership maps of soil typological units. Totally three soil typological units were ide...

<p>Salinity is a common problem of abiotic stress in the world. Salinity causes yield loss cultivated crops, such as maize. The maize exposed to salinity can be increased with application some beneficial microorganisms. Three isolates halotolerant bacteria from saline fields potentially used biostimulants (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). A field experiment study effect on growth an...

Understanding the spatial variability of herbicide sorption to soil is important in determining the bioavailability as well as leaching potential of the chemical across a field. Multiple methods have been used to estimate herbicide sorption variability at the macroscale, but it has been difficult to measure soil heterogeneity or herbicide sorption at the individual field level. One method to de...